应用自行研制的运动模体研究呼吸状态改变对立体定向门控放疗的影响

目的 评价患者呼吸状态的改变对实时位置监测系统(RPM)引导下自由呼吸立体定向门控放疗影响。方法 通过自行研制运动模体模拟患者治疗过程中出现基线偏移,呼吸频率改变,呼气末延时、吸气末延时,以及不规则呼吸情况,并分析三维适形、固定野动态调强、单弧旋转调强3组计划各状态变化与模体中心小球位置(L)及电离室受照剂量的相关性。结果 自研模体的摆位重复性和测量稳定性良好。L与基线偏移呈现正相关(r=0.99,P＜0.01)。基线偏移小于摆位误差时,剂量变化在4%以内,相对较小,超出后受照剂量快速下降并呈现负相关(r= -0.95,P＜0.01),偏移超出与不超出摆位误差时所测得的受照剂量,差异具有统计学意义(Z= -3.06,P<0.01)。3组计划受基线偏移的影响率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。呼吸频率改变对 L 和剂量影响较小。吸气末延迟和呼气末延迟都导致3组计划剂量下降,最大达-1.74%,同时吸气末延迟相对呼气末延迟影响更大,差异具有统计学意义(Z= -2.67,P<0.01),但延迟时间长短对剂量的影响率没有明显相关性(P＞0.05),3组计划受波形改变的影响率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。不规则呼吸对剂量影响较大,3组计划重复测量6次受照剂量分别为三维适形(709.68±180.00)cGy;固定野动态调强(751.40±127.16)cGy;单弧旋转调强(750.00±185.60)cGy,均小于处方剂量,一致性欠佳。结论 患者呼吸状态改变会导致剂量下降,基线偏移超出摆位误差阈值或者波形变异较大出现不规则呼吸时更甚,且与放疗技术不相关。

Study on the effects of the changes in respiratory status on gated stereotactic radiotherapy using an in-house developed motion phantom

Objective To evaluate the effects of the changes in respiratory status on gated stereotactic radiotherapy under free breathing guided by real-time position management (RPM). Methods This study simulated the baseline shift, change in respiratory rate, end-expiratory delay, end-inspiratory delay, and irregular breathing using an in-house developed motion phantom. Moreover, this study analyzed the correlation between the changes in the above states of three plans, three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3D-CRT), intensity modulated radiotherapy(IMRT), and volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT) and the position of the ball at the center of the motion phantom (L) and the exposed dose of the phantom in the ionization chamber (the dose). Results The in-house developed phantom presented high setup repeatability and measurement stability. There was a positive correlation between L and the baseline shift (r = 0.99, P<0.01). The change in the dose was less than 4% when the baseline shift was less than the setup error, while the dose declined rapidly and was negatively correlated with the baseline shift otherwise (r= -0.95, P<0.01). Moreover, there was statistically significant difference in dose when the baseline shift exceeded the setup error or not (Z = -3.06, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the rate of the dose affected by baseline shift in the three plans (P>0.05). The changes in respiratory rate had little effect on L and the dose. Both end-inspiratory delay and end-expiratory delay reduced the planned dose of the three plans, with a maximum decrease of up to -1.74%. Furthermore, the end-inspiratory delay has greater effects on the planned dose than the end-expiratory delay(Z = -2.67, P< 0.01). However, there was no significant correlation between the dose and the delay duration (P> 0.05), and no significant difference in the rate of the planned dose of the three plans affected by respiratory waveform change (P> 0.05). Irregular breathing had greater effects on the dose. Specifically, the dose from six repeated measurements of 3D-CR, IMRT, VMAT was (709.68±180.00), (751.40±127.16), and (750.00±185.60) cGy, respectively, all less than the prescribed dose with a poor consistency. Conclusions The changes in the patients'' respiratory status will reduce the dose, especially when the baseline shift exceeds the setup error threshold or large respiratory waveform variation corresponding to irregular breathing occurs. Moreover, there is no correlation between the decrease in the dose and the radiotherapy technology.