高脂饮食与酒精对大鼠心肌超微结构的影响

目的 研究高脂饮食与酒精对大鼠心肌超微结构的影响.方法 选择78周龄雄性SD大鼠40只,按随机数字表法将大鼠随机分成4组:A组为对照组,喂食基础饲料;B组为高脂饲料组,自由采食高脂饲料;C组为酒精组,每天2次按1 ml/kg灌胃体积分数为60%的酒精;D组为高脂饲料+酒精组,自由采食高脂饲料,每天2次按1 ml/kg灌胃体积百分比为60%的酒精.12周后,颈静脉取血测定胆固醇(TG)、甘油三酯(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、载脂蛋白Al(Apo-A1)、载脂蛋白B(Apo-B)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL);同时测量各组大鼠心指数;采用高分辨率多普勒超声检测心脏形态,并在透射电镜下观察大鼠心肌的超微结构.结果 实验结束后,A、B、C、D组TG分别为(1.07±0.21)、(2.34±0.72)、(1.33±0.42)、(1.75±0.65)mmol/L(F=8.323,P=0.000);TC分别为(1.74±0.38)、(5.66 ±1.74)、(1.70±0.44)、(5.65±2.95)mmol/L(F=13.670,P=0.000);HDL分别为(0.65±0.11)、(2.99±0.54)、(0.52±0.13)、(2.06±0.26)mmol/L(F=112.225,P=0.000);LDL分别为(0.74 ±0.22)、(1.87±0.90)、(0.60±0.26)、(1.54±0.78)mmol/L(F=7.318,P=0.001);Apo-A1分别为(0.25±0.10)、(0.31±0.14)、(0.21±0.05)、(0.36±0.11)g/L(F=3.015,P=0.047);Apo-B分别为(0.18±0.03)、(0.11±0.04)、(0.16±0.03)、(0.39±0.13)g/L(F=15.621,P=0.000);ALT分别为(111.25±20.18)、(447.13±89.25)、(173.13±44.01)、(198.25±39.81)U/L(F=58.708,P=0.000);AST分别为(105.50±9.99)、(483.00±16.80)、(120.75±5.09)、(276.88±10.48)U/L(F=1906.624,P=0.000);TBIL分别为(1.35±0.12)、(1.66±0.18)、(1.89±0.15)、(2.68±0.35)U/L(F=55.006,P=0.000);心指数分别为(3.02±0.22)%、(3.21±0.16)%、(3.26±0.26)%、(3.43 ±0.27)%(F=16.150,P=0.000).超声多普勒检查发现C组和D组均出现心脏形态的改变,而A组和B组未见明显变化;A组大鼠心肌的超微结构未见异常,而在C、B、D组依次出现轻重不同的变化.结论 高脂饮食及大量酒精的摄入可引起脂质代谢异常.高脂膳食在心脏形态未出现变化之前,其超微结构已经发生改变,而酒精使得心肌从微观到宏观均出现了改变,高脂饮食加酒精使得心肌损伤加重.

Effects of high-fat plus ethanol diet on myocardial ultrastructure in rats

Objective To study the effects of high-fat plus ethanol diet on myocardial ultrastructure in rats. Methods 40 male SD rats in seventy-eight-week old were randomly divided into four groups: group A was control group,fed with common feedstuff; group B was high-fat diet group,freely foraging high-fat feedstuff; group C was ethanol group,the rats were intragastrically administered 60% ethanol solution twice a day by 1 mL/kg; group D was high-fat diet and ethanol group,the rats freely foraged high-fat feedstuff, and ethanol solution was intragastriclly administered as before. After 12 weeks ,blood samples were taken through jugular vein, the concentration of blood cholesterol (TG), triglycerides (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1), apolipoprotein B (Apo-B), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL) were determined. The cardiac index was also determined for all groups and the cardiac morphous were observed by high resolution Doppler ultrasound, and myocardial ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscope. ResultsAfter experiment,TG levels of groups A,B,C,D were (1.07±0.21), (2.34 ±0. 72), (1.33 ± 0. 42) and (1.75 ± 0. 65) mmol/L, respectively (F = 8. 323, P = 0. 000) ; TC levels were (1.74 ± 0. 38), (5.66 ± 1.74), (1.70 ± 0. 44) and (5.65 ± 2. 95) mmol/L, respectively (F = 13. 670, P = 0. 000) ;HDL levels were (0.65±0. 11),(2.99±0.54), (0.52±0. 13) and (2.06±0. 26) mmol/L, respectively (F = 112. 225, P = 0. 000) ; LDL levels were (0. 74 ± 0. 22), (1.87 ± 0. 90), (0. 60 ± 0. 26) and (1.54 ± 0. 78) mmol/L, respectively (F = 7. 318, P = 0. 001) ; Ape-A1 levels were (0. 25 ± 0. 10), (0.31±0.14),(0.21±0.05) and (0.36±0. 11)g/L, respectively (F=3.015,P=0.047); Apo-B levels were (0. 18 ± 0. 03), (0. 11 ± 0. 04), (0. 16 ± 0. 03) and (0. 39 ± 0. 13) g/L, respectively (F = 15.621,P=0.000);ALT levels were (111.25±20. 18),(447. 13±89.25), (173. 13±44.01) and (198.25±39. 81) U/L, respectively (F = 58. 708, P = 0. 000) ; AST levels were (105.50 ± 9. 99), (483.00±16.80), (120.75 ± 5.09) and (276.88 ± 10.48)U/L, respectively (F= 1906.624,P=0.000);TBIL levels were (1.35±0.12),(1.66±0.18),(1.89±0.15) and (2.68±0.35)U/L, respectively (F = 55. 006, P =0. 000) ; cardiac indexes were (3.02 ± 0. 22) %, (3.21 ± 0. 16) %, (3.26 ±0. 26) % and (3.43 ± 0. 27) %, respectively (F = 16. 150, P = 0. 000). There were changes of cardiac morphous in group C and D, but not in group A and B; the myocardial ultrastructure was normal in Group A, but light to heavy changes were found in group B, C and D. ConclusionHigh-fat diet and excessive intake of ethanol significantly induce abnormal lipid metabolism. High-fat diet induces the changes of myocardial ultrastructure before cardiac morphous and electrocardiogram, and intake of ethanol changes cardiac muscle in microstructure and macroscopy. High-fat diet plus ethanol may worsen this injury farther.