云南省炭疽疫源地调查及流行趋势分析

目的了解云南省炭疽疫源地的流行状况，评估疫情发生的风险，为制定有效的预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法选择3个不同类型的疫区县，对疫区县内2001—2012年所有病例和高危人群开展调查，内容包括基本情况调查、病例回顾性调查、病例和高危人群感染状况调查、可疑污染环境调查等。结果共调查71例病例，含2例死亡病例。病例主要发生在6-9月，病例分布随年份呈现出逐年下降趋势。男性多于女性，平均年龄（38±3）岁，以中青年农民为主。疫点主要分布在生产生活和经济条件较差的偏远农村地区，疫区群众的炭疽健康知识知晓率仪为33．68％，剥食不明原因死亡动物的危险行为普遍存在。检测病例血清12份，抗体阳性率16．67％；高危人群血清53份，抗体阳性率1．89％。34份土样中未分离培养出炭疽芽孢杆菌。结论3个疫区县代表了云南省不同的炭疽流行区域，疫源地较为活跃。全省炭疽疫情总体上稳中有降，但局部地区疫情依然较重，疫情点状暴发的风险较高。做好疫情监测和风险评估，提高实验室检测能力和加强健康教育等预防控制措施是今后防控工作的重点。

Survey of infection focus and the epidemic trend of anthrax in Yunnan province

Objective To grasp the epidemic situation of epidemic foci of anthrax in Yunnan province. Methods Three counties with different anthrax infection incidence were selected and all cases who were diagnosed from 2001 to 2012 and high risk group were surveyed. The results were analyzed. Results Totally 71 cases were surveyed including 2 death cases. Most cases were infected from June to September,and presented obviously downward trend from 2001 to 2012. Male cases more than female cases,the mean age was（38 ± 3）years,most of them were young and middle-aged farmers. Epidemic areas located in poverty and underdeveloped remote rural areas where the anthrax knowledge was only 33.68%, and the risk behavior of peeling and eating unexplained dead animals was common. The antibody positive rate of 12 serum samples from anthrax cases tested was 16.67% and the antibody positive rate of 53 serum samples from high risk group was 1.89%. Not detected bacillus anthracis from the 34 soil samples was dertecred. Conclusions The infectious situation of anthrax in the three epidemic counties was active. In general the infection trend is Yunnan shows decreasing trend. But there are areas with high-risk sporadic epidemic.Thus integrated control measures including strengthening surveillance and risk assessment and health education be adopted in the future control work.