2008-2009年深圳市龙岗区蚊媒监测及蚊密度影响因素分析

目的了解龙岗区的蚊媒分布情况并探索气象因素对蚊媒密度的影响,为蚊媒传染病的预防与控制提供科学依据。方法回顾性收集2008-2009年深圳市龙岗区蚊媒传染病发病资料、蚊媒密度监测资料及同期气象资料进行相关分析和多元逐步回归分析。结果 2008-2009年,共捕蚊1 665只,平均密度为0.99只/h,致倦库蚊为优势蚊种(81.62%);医院、居民区的成蚊密度显著高于其他场所;不同场所蚊媒种类构成差异有统计学意义(χ2=208.29,P0.01);不同环境中伊蚊监测容器指数差异有统计学意义(χ2=24.00,P=0.000);相关性分析显示,成蚊密度、伊蚊房屋指数与气象因素无显著性相关,成蚊密度与蚊媒传染病发病无显著性相关;伊蚊密度、诱蚊诱卵指数、布雷图指数、容器指数与多个气象因素相关;进一步多元逐步回归分析显示,伊蚊诱蚊诱卵指数主要受月平均最低温度的影响:y2=-5.891+0.53x2;伊蚊密度(y3)、布雷图指数(y4)、容器指数(y5)主要受月平均气压的影响:y3=7.529-0.007x5;y4=2 877.878-2.825x5;y5=1 347.05-1.321x5。结论月平均最低温度和月平均气压为影响蚊媒密度的主要气象因素。

Analysis on Mosquito Monitoring and Its Influential Factors in Longgang District of Shenzhen from 2008 to 2009

Objective To investigate the disposition of mosquito in Longang District,to explore the association between the meteorological factors and mosquito density,and to provide the scientific evidence for prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods Data regarding the mosquito-borne diseases,mosquito density monitoring and atmosphere information in Longang District during the period of 2008～2009 were retrospectively collected for correlation analysis and regression analysis. Results Totally 1,665 mosquitos were captured during the period of 2008～2009,with an average mosquito density of 0.99 mosquito per hour.Culex pipiens fatigans was the prevalent mosquito in Longgang District.The mosquito density in the hospital and populated area was higher than that of other places.There were statistically significant differences in category distribution and container index among different places（χ^2=208.29,P〈0.01;χ^2=24.00,P=0.000）.Correlation analysis indicated that no correlation existed between meteorological factors,mosquito density and housing indexes,and no correlation existed between mosquito density and mosquito-borne diseases reports.Aedes density,Aedes positive index,Breteau index and container index were correlated with several meteorological factors.Regressive analysis further indicated that the Aedes positive index was mainly influenced by the monthly average minimum temperature,i.e.,y2=-5.891＋0.53x2,and Aedes density,Breteau index and container index were influenced by the monthly average air pressure,i.e.,y3=7.529-0.007x5,y4=2,877.878-2.825x5 and y5=1,347.05-1.321x5. Conclusions The monthly average minimum temperature and air pressure are the important meteorological factors which influence the mosquito density in Longgang District.