含铬工业废水对地下水及饮用水致突变性的影响

目的探讨安阳自行车厂排放的含铬工业废水对地下水及饮用水致突变性的影响。方法分别在自行车厂西南、厂门口、厂东60m处采集地下水样,并沿污水排放方向分别在卷烟厂、铁合金厂、火柴厂、化纤厂采集地下水样,并采集了自来水厂原水及管网水样,均测定水样六价铬(Cr6+)含量并利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核试验测定水样致突变性。结果水样Cr6+含量从自行车厂门口至化纤厂呈下降趋势(0.3585～0.0100mg/L),厂门口和厂东60m处地下水Cr6+含量分别超标6.17、2.08倍。水厂原水及管网水Cr6+含量分别为0.0123、0.0095mg/L。除化纤厂外,其余水样所致微核率比阴性对照均有不同程度升高。仅火柴厂地下水样的微核率显著高于阴性对照,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论安阳自行车厂附近的地下水不同程度地受到该厂排放的含铬工业废水的污染,但致突变性较弱。该市饮用水Cr6+含量符合卫生标准。

Effects of Industrial Wastewater Containing Chromium on the Mutagenicity of Ground Water and Drinking Water

Objective To study the effects of industrial wastewater containing chromium from Anyang Bicycle Works (ABW) on the mutagenicity of ground water and drinking water. Methods The ground water samples were collected from wells located on the southwest of the pollution source of ABW, near the gate of ABW(A) and at a distance of 60 m from the east of ABW(B) respectively, and also from the following sampling points closely located along the lower reach of sewage ditch: cigarette work(C), iron alloy works(D), match works(E), chemical and chemical fiber works(F). The raw water and finished water samples were collected from water plant. The contents of chromium(Cr6+) in water samples were measured and the mutagenicity of the water samples were tested by Vicia faba root tips cell micronucleus test. Results The contents of Cr6+ in ground water samples showed a decreaseing trend (0.358 5-0.010 0 mg/L) with the increasing distances from the sampling points to the pollution source of ABW, the order of which was the following: A, B, C, D, E, F. The contents of Cr6+ in ground water samples collected from the gate of ABW and the location at a distance of 60 m from the east of ABW exceeded the related standard 6.17 and 2.08 times respectively.The contents of Cr6+ in raw water and finished water samples were 0.0123 and 0.0095mg/L respectively.All of the water samples except that from the chemical and chemical fiber works showed higher micronucleus rates in different degree compared with that of negative control. Statistically significant higher micronucleus rate was only observed in water sample from match works compared with that of negative control (P<0.01). Conclusion The ground water near ABW had been contaminated by the indutrial waste water containing Cr6+ from ABW in different degree,but its mutagenicity was weak.The content of Cr6+ in the municipal water accorded with the requirement of the national sanitary standard for dinking water.