我国农村土壤蛔虫卵污染状况监测及SWOT分析

目的 目的 了解土源性线虫病国家级监测点土壤中蛔虫卵污染情况， 为制定防治对策及评价防治效果提供科学依据。方法 方法 根据 《全国土源性线虫病监测方案 （试行）》 要求， 在22个土源性线虫病国家级监测点中， 每年每监测点随机抽取10户居民， 分别采集菜园、 厕所周边、 庭院及厨房的土样， 采用改良饱和硝酸钠漂浮检查法分离土壤蛔虫卵， 并鉴别受精和未受精蛔虫卵， 鉴定受精蛔虫卵的死活。另外， 对土源性线虫病国家级监测点土壤中蛔虫卵监测工作进行SWOT分析。结果 结果 2006-2010年， 22个土源性线虫病监测点共监测1 090户， 土壤中蛔虫卵总检出率为30.73%， 未受精蛔虫卵、 受精蛔虫卵和活受精蛔虫卵的总检出率分别为13.21%、 26.42 %和20.28%， 菜园、 厕所周边、 庭院和厨房土壤蛔虫卵的总检出率分别为16.51%、 13.49%、 14.22%和10.73%。SWOT分析表明， 监测点土壤蛔虫卵监测工作存在优势和劣势， 同时面临机会与挑战。结论 结论 部分土源性线虫病国家级监测点土壤蛔虫卵污染情况仍十分严重， 应加强粪便无害化处理、 改水改厕、 改造环境等措施， 以保护人群免受感染。

Monitoring and SWOT analysis of Ascaris eggs pollution in soil of rural China

Objective To understand the status of Ascaris eggs pollution in soil at national monitoring spots of soil-transmit-ted nematodiasis,so as to provide the evidence for making countermeasures and evaluating the control effect. Methods Ten households were selected from each of the 22 national monitoring spots annually according to the National Surveillance Program of Soil-Transmitted Nematodiasis（Trial）,and the soil samples from vegetable gardens,toilet periphery,courtyards and kitchens were collected and examined by using the modified floatation test with saturated sodium nitrate. Fertilized or unfertilized eggs as well as live or dead fertilized eggs were discriminated and identified. In addition,a SWOT analysis of monitoring of Ascaris eggs pollution in the soil of rural China was carried out. Results A total of 1 090 households were monitored in 22 monitoring spots from 2006 to 2010. The total detection rate of Ascaris eggs in the soil was 30.73%,and the detection rates of fertilized,unfertilized and live fertilized eggs were 13.21%,26.42%and 20.28%,respectively. The total detection rates of Ascaris eggs in the vegetable garden,toilet periphery,courtyard and kitchen were 16.51%,13.49%,14.22% and 10.73% respectively. The SWOT analysis demonstrated that the monitoring work had both advantages and disadvantages,and was faced with opportunities as well as threats. Conclusion The pollution status of Ascaris eggs in the soil is still quite severe at some national monitoring spots,and the counter-measures such as implementing hazard-free treatment of stool,improving water supply and sanitation and reforming environment should be taken to protect people from being infected.