2011 - 2015年衡阳市新诊断尘肺病例发病特征分析

目的 通过对2011 - 2015年衡阳市新诊断的尘肺病例数据分析，了解尘肺病发病特征，为该市尘肺病防治工作的开展提供参考依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制系统子系统“健康危害因素监测信息系统”获取近5年衡阳市新诊断的尘肺病例数据，用描述统计法对尘肺发病特征进行相关分析。结果 共收集尘肺病例522例，行业分布主要集中在煤矿开采与洗选业，占整个尘肺病例总数的67.05%（350例）；病例工种以主采煤工、主进掘工、凿岩工为主，分别占整个尘肺病例数的53.64%（280例）、16.48%（86例）、12.26%（64例）；企业规模分布以小型企业为主，占整个尘肺病例数的79.10%（413例）。尘肺患者平均接尘工龄为（17.77±9.01）年，平均发病年龄为（51.53±7.06）岁；接尘工龄主要集中在5～25年，占70.69%（369例）；发病年龄主要集中在45～60岁，占69.54%（363例）；随着接尘工龄和发病年龄的增大，尘肺患病期别有晋升的趋势。结论 衡阳市新诊断尘肺病例主要集中在煤矿开采业，以主采煤工发病最为严重；企业分布主要集中在小企业。应加强煤矿企业和小规模企业的卫生管理工作，尽可能的减少尘肺病的发生。

Analysis on the characteristics of new pneumoconiosis cases in Hengyang from 2011 to 2015

Objective This study examined 522 new cases of pneumoconiosis in Hengyang from 2011 to 2015, to understand the characteristics of the cases and provide reference for the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis. Methods Newly diagnosed cases of pneumoconiosis in Hengyang city from 2011 to 2015 were obtained from the subsystem Occupational hazard factors monitoring information system of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The data was analyzed for the characteristics of pneumoconiosis. Results A total of 522 cases of pneumoconiosis were collected, most of them were from coal mining and washing industry, accounting for 67.05% (n=350). The patients in coal mining industry, mining industry and main drilling engineering accounted for 53.64%（n=280）, 16.48%（n=86） and 12.26%（n=64）, respectively. Among them, 79.01%（n=413）were from small enterprises. The average exposure time to dust was 17.79±9.01 years, and the average age of onset was 51.53±7.06 years old. The dust exposure time concentrated in 5 to 25 years (n=369) and the onset age of pneumoconiosis was mainly concentrated in the 45-60 years old(n=363). With the average exposure to dust and the onset age increasing gradually, stages of Pneumoconiosis showed increasing trend. Conclusion New pneumoconiosis cases were mainly from coal mining and washing industry and small enterprises. The most serious cases occurred to the main coal mining workers. We should strengthen the health management of this kind of enterprises and reduce the occurrence of pneumoconiosis.