吗啉-2，5-二酮及其衍生物：有价值的生物降解聚合物材料

文题释义：生物降解高分子材料：又叫生物可吸收高分子材料，是指在一定时间和一定条件下，能被真菌、细菌、藻类、霉菌等微生物在酶的作用下发生降解，使高分子链逐渐断裂的高分子材料，降解产物一般是小分子或低聚物，而这些降解产物一般对生物体无毒，通过吸收或经代谢排出，不会对人体造成伤害。吗啉-2，5-二酮及其衍生物：是靠酯键和酰胺键构成的一种六元环状单体，它们的均聚物及与其他生物材料的共聚物都是一种有价值的生物可降解医用材料。由于聚合物分子中酰胺键之间能形成氢键，使此材料具有良好的机械性能和热性能，而主链上的酯键易水解，使聚合物具有可降解性能。背景：生物降解性合成高分子材料在生物医学中目前常被用于神经导管、组织工程、药物控释载体等，而聚吗啉-2，5-二酮及其衍生物目前被广泛应用，其合成方法成为目前研究的热点。目的：论述吗啉-2，5-二酮及其衍生物单体和聚合物的合成方法，探讨其存在的优势与缺憾。方法：由第一作者用计算机检索万方数据库、中国知网、Sci和PubMed数据库1982至2015年的文献，检索词为“吗啉-2，5-二酮、生物降解、Morpholine-2，5-dione、Biodegradable”。结果与结论：吗啉-2，5-二酮及其衍生物单体的合成方法目前主要有：α-氨基酸和α-卤素酰卤的酰化反应、分子内的酯化反应及分子内的缩合反应。各有优缺点，需要探索出一种较为完善的方法。吗啉-2，5-二酮的开环聚合是一种合成聚酯-酰胺的较好的方法，但聚合物的分子量和转化率较低。催化聚合吗啉二酮时目前有金属化合物催化聚合、酶催化聚合。聚吗啉-2，5-二酮是一种非常有价值的可合成的生物降解聚合物材料，目前已被广泛应用于医药领域。ORCID: 0000-0002-3786-8458(杨立群)中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程

Morpholine-2, 5-dione and its derivatives: the valuable biodegradable polymer materials

BACKGROUND: Currently, biodegradable polymer materials such as poly(morpholine-2, 5-dione) and its derivatives have been widely used in biomedical field to fabricate nerve catheters, tissue engineering and drug control release carriers. Therefore, many research has focused on the synthesis of poly(morpholine-2, 5-dione) and its derivatives.OBJECTIVE: To review the synthesis methods of monomeric and polymeric morpholine-2, 5-dione and its derivatives, and to explore its advantages and shortcomings.METHODS: A computer-based search of databases of Wanfang, CNKI, SCI and PubMed was performed for relevant articles published from 1982 to 2015. And the keywords were “morpholine-2, 5-dion, biodegradable” in Chinese and English, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: So far, acylation reactions of α-amino acids and α-halogen halide, the intramolecular esterifications and intramolecular condensation reactions are the key methods for the synthesis of morpholine-2, 5-dione and its derivatives. A modified approach is needed to overcome the existed disadvantages. Ring-opening polymerization of morpholine-2, 5-dione is a preferred method of synthetic polyester-amide, but low molecular weight and conversion of polymers are produced. Polymerization catalyzed via metal compounds and enzymes are the best strategy for the synthesis of poly(morpholine-2, 5-dione). Furthermore, as a valuable biodegradable polymer material, poly(morpholine-2, 5-dione) has been extensively applied in the medical field.