人工韧带生物材料修复膝关节交叉韧带损伤：问题及前景

Artificial ligament biomaterials repair cruciate ligament injury of the knee joint: problems and prospects

BACKGROUND: Related studies have confirmed that the experimental results and short-term clinical outcomes of artificial ligaments are satisfactory that the artificial ligaments can restore the stability of knee joint as soon as possible and ensure motor function.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the basic and clinical research progress of artificial ligaments.METHODS: The articles regarding artificial ligaments in repair of knee joint cruciate ligament injury were retrieved from Wanfang database, CNKI and PubMed database during 1985 to 2015 by computer. The keywords were “cruciate ligament injuries, artificial ligament, biological materials” in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with autologous and allogenic ligaments, artificial ligament has good mechanical properties, and can get sufficient tensile strength and joint stability immediately after implantation, so as to ensure the cruciate ligament reconstruction of the knee joint. Artificial ligament technology has experienced carbon fiber ligament, polyester material and stent artificial ligaments. As a new type of polyester artificial ligament, LARS artificial ligament shows a good biocompatibility, on which, cells can adhere, proliferate and differentiate well. However, the controversies over the use of artificial ligament still exist, and its long-term clinical effects still need further observation. Further researches regarding the material selection, shape bionic design, weaving and surgical techniques of artificial ligaments are still further needed.