2014年广东省阳春市首起登革热暴发疫情分析

摘要:目的 对阳春市首起登革热暴发疫情进行调查分析，为有效控制登革热疫情提供依据。方法 采用流行病学调查方法对疫情数据、蚊媒调查资料以及可能传播来源等进行分析。结果 2014年9月5日- 10月3日，阳春市春城街道发生1起登革热暴发疫情，共报告病例19例，其中本地感染病例16例，输入性病例3例，病例均为轻症，无重症死亡病例。疫情主要集中在春城街道东门居委会，共报告7例，占36.84%；男女性别比0.73∶1；年龄最大的77岁，最小的6岁，以50岁以上中老年人居多，占47.37%。疫情发生时反映蚊媒密度的布雷图指数最高达56.41，发生登革热传播的风险极高，经采取各项综合防治措施，蚊媒密度快速下降，疫情得到控制。结论 症状不典型的输入性病例容易引起本地登革热疫情，人员的流动性易造成疫情的扩散，快速杀灭成蚊、清除蚊虫孳生地并将布雷图指数控制在5以下可以有效控制疫情。

Epidemiological investigation on the first outbreak of dengue fever in Yangchun city

Abstract: Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and disposition of a dengue outbreak in Yangchun city in 2014, so as to provide the basis for the effective control of dengue fever. Methods The field epidemiological investigation was used to understand the epidemic situation. The density of mosquito larvae was evaluated adopting Breteau index. Results A total of 19 dengue cases were reported in the outbreak from September 5th to October 3rd in 2014. Among those, 16 were autochthonous cases while three were imported from Guangzhou. No death case was reported. Cases were mainly concentrated in Dongmen neighborhood committee, with a total of seven reported cases, accounting for 36.84%. Ratio between male and female cases was 0.73∶1. The eldest cases were 77 years old and the youngest was six years old, and the most of the patients over 50 years old accounted 47.37%. The Breteau index in epidemic district was 56.41 during the epidemic period, and spread risk was extremely high. After adopted synthesizing measures of prevention and control, the epidemic situation was in control. Conclusion Asymptomatic imported case easily led to a local outbreak of dengue，and frequent population migration tended to cause the spreading of this disease. Preventing the mosquito propagation, cleaning the environment and keeping Breteau index under the level of five can effectively control the epidemic.