2015年新建县948例入园儿童计划免疫效果评价

目的 了解入园儿童接种乙型肝炎(乙肝)、脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)、百日咳、白喉、破伤风疫苗(以下简称“五防”疫苗)后抗体阳性率与疫苗“首针及时接种率、全程接种率、全程及时接种率”的吻合程度,评价儿童预防接种效果和免疫状况。方法 选取2015年新建县长堎地区新近入园的948例儿童作为研究对象,利用间接ELISA法检测血清标本中抗体阳性水平,通过查验儿童预防接种证收集预防接种信息,并进行比较分析。结果 948例入园儿童中,脊灰、百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体阳性率均超过90%,乙肝抗体阳性率低于65%。除城镇儿童白喉、破伤风抗体阳性率显著高于农村(P<0.05)外,性别、户籍、居住地对“五防”疫苗的抗体阳性率影响不大(P>0.05)。全程接种乙肝、百白破三联疫苗的入园儿童乙肝、白喉、破伤风IgG抗体阳性率显著高于未全程接种者(P<0.05)。首针、全程是否及时接种“五防”疫苗对入园儿童这5种IgG抗体阳性率的影响不大(P>0.05)。结论 948例入园儿童脊灰、百日咳、白喉、破伤风免疫效果较好,而乙肝抗体阳性率相比较低。全程接种率相比首针及时接种率和全程及时接种率对评价儿童乙肝、白喉、破伤风疫苗免疫效果更有意义,值得关注并推广。

EPI evaluation of 948 cases of newly admitted kindergarten children in Xinjian county,2015

Objective To assess how well the positive rates of antibodies in newly admitted kindergarten children after hepatitis B virus (HBV),poliomyelitis (polio),whooping cough (pertussis),diphtheria and tetanus vaccine (hereinafter referred to as the "Five Anti" vaccine) inoculations fitted "vaccination rate of timely first dose,full-course vaccination rate and full-course timely vaccination rate",and to evaluate the effects of vaccination and immunization for children. Methods 948 cases of newly admitted kindergarten children in Changleng region of Xinjian County in 2015 were selected and their serum samples were detected for antibody positive level by indirect ElISA,and their vaccination information was collected through the identification of children vaccination certificate,and then the comparative analysis was conducted. Results In the survey,the antibody positive rates of polio,pertussis,diphtheria and tetanus vaccine were over 90%,HBV was less than 65%. In addition to that urban children had significantly higher antibody positive rates than rural ones after inoculated against diphtheria and tetanus vaccine (P<0.05),gender,household register,place of residence had little impact on antibody positive rates of hepatitis B,polio,whooping cough,diphtheria and tetanus vaccine (P>0.05).Compared with children who did not have a complete course of vaccination,those who had a complete course obviously achieved much higher positive rates of antibodies of hepatitis B,diphtheria and tetanus vaccines (P<0.05). First dose timely vaccination,the entire process timely vaccination of admission children had little impact on the positive rates of IgG antibodies against "Five Anti" vaccine (P>0.05). Conclusion In the survey of the 948 newly admitted kindergarten children,polio,pertussis,diphtheria and tetanus vaccines show a satisfactory immune effect. But hepatitis B antibody positive rate is relatively lower. For the evaluation of children with hepatitis B,diphtheria,tetanus vaccine effect,full-course vaccination rate compared with the vaccination rate of timely first dose and full-course timely vaccination rate is more meaningful and worthy of attention and promotion.