高教机飞行训练诱发状态焦虑的干预治疗

目的评估飞行学员状态焦虑水平及影响因素,观察不同心理干预治疗状态焦虑的临床疗效。方法采用《状态特质焦虑问卷》、《SCL90症状自评量表》等量表,对某飞行学院高教团飞行学员进行为期1年的状态焦虑水平及对飞行操作影响的评定,在此基础上采用认知应激调控法、生物反馈放松训练法进行心理干预,并观察和对比疗效。结果飞行学员状态焦虑得分≥40分者,其飞行差错发生显著高于状态焦虑量表分<40的学员(χ2=5.2157,P<0.05)。采用生物反馈放松训练法和认知应激调控法进行心理干预前后SCL90测验结果显示,两种心理干预都能降低焦虑症状。其中,生物反馈法在躯体化(t=4.45,P<0.01)、焦虑(t=3.37,P<0.01)项目上表现出更好的疗效,而认知疗法则对人际敏感(t=4.12,P<0.01)、抑郁(t=2.78,P<0.05)有较好的疗效。观察的肌电值变化情况,发现生物反馈放松训练法干预前后其肌电值下降幅度达到非常显著水平(t=5.92,P<0.01),有较好应对焦虑的效果。为进一步验证心理干预对状态焦虑拮抗效果,在飞行学员编队飞行后立即测《状态特质焦虑问卷》,结果显示:实验组经心理干预,飞行后状态焦虑水平较对照组为低,两组差异有显著性意义,(t=2.4522,P<0.05)。结论心理干预对飞行学员状态焦虑的拮抗作用较好。

Intervention Therapy to State Anxiety Induced by Advanced Trainer's Flight Training

Objective To evaluate pilots' state anxiety level and influencing factors and observe the clinical effect of the various psychological intervention.Methods State trait anxiety inventory (STAT) and symptom check list (SCL)-90 were used to assess the state anxiety level and its influence on pilots of a flight college for one year. Psychological intervention, including cognitive therapy and biofeedback plus relaxing training was given in pilots with state anxiety and the effects were observed. Results Some pilots' score of state anxiety was equal to or more than 40, and the others' was less than 40. The former pilots were significantly higher than the later ones in flight error scale(χ 2=5.22, P<0.05). The scores of SCL-90 showed that psychological intervention could both reduce the mental stress reaction and the anxious symptoms. Biofeedback therapy was effective on somatization and anxiety, while cognitive therapy was effective on interpersonal sensitivity and depression. There was significant difference in pilots' decrease of electromyograms between before and after biofeedback plus relaxing training (t=5.92, P<0.01). This therapy was effective on anxiety. To prove the effect of psychological intervention on state anxiety, pilots were assessed with STAT. It showed that state anxiety level of experimental group treated with psychological intervention was significantly lower than that of control group after flight (t=2.45, P<0.05). Conclusion Psychological intervention is effective on pilots' state anxiety.