糖尿病患者医院感染危险因素的临床研究

目的 探讨糖尿病患者发生医院感染的危险因素,为采取有效的控制措施提供依据.方法 采用回顾性调查的方法,分析糖尿病患者医院感染发生率、部位、病原菌及其相关危险因素.结果 316例糖尿病患者发生医院感染55例,感染率为17.41%,高于同期医院平均医院感染率4.62%(P＜0.01);感染部位以下呼吸道为首,依次为泌尿系统、胃肠道、皮肤软组织、口腔和血液系统;病原菌以G-杆菌(53.85%)和G 球菌(41.02%)为主;医院感染主要与高龄、病程、住院时间、院前滥用抗生素、糖尿病代谢控制不佳、并发症及侵入性操作有关.结论 积极治疗原发病,有效控制血糖,缩短住院时间,尽量避免或减少侵入性诊疗操作和注意提高患者免疫力等,是防治糖尿病患者发生医院感染的有效措施.

Clinical Study of Risk Factors Related to Nosocomial Infection in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Objectives To evaluate the risk factors causing nosocomial infection in patients with diabetes mellitus and provide evidence for making the meassures to control the nosocomial infection. Method The nosocomial incidences and risk factors relaed to nosocomial infection were analysed retrospectively in the patients with diabetes melitus. Results Fifty-five of 316 patients with diabetes mellitus(17.41%) suffered from nosocomial infection. The infectious rate in the patients with diabetes mellitus was higher than that (4.62%) in the inpatients during the same period .The main infection sites sucessively were lower respiratory tract , urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, skin and soft tissues, oralcavity and blood system. The main pathogens were Gram negative bacilli(53.85%) and Gram positive bacilli(41.02%). The factors related with the nosocomial infection included the venerable age, the time of hospitalization, the process of disease,abusing antibiotics, bad control level of blood sugar, complication,invasive manipulation, etc. Conclusions The important and effective meassures to prevent the nosocomial infection include active treament of the original disease, appropriate control of blood glucose, reasonable use of antibiotics, shortening time of hospital stay, avoiding unnecessary invasive manipulation and improvement of immunity in the patient with diabetes mellitus.