Dissociated dopaminergic neurons from substantia nigra zona compacta in young rats lack functional NMDA receptors

 Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity plays an important role in the degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), although the role of the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subtype in this process is still uncertain. We studied glutamate receptor subtype agonist-induced ionic currents in acutely dissociated DAergic neurons from the rat substantia nigra zona compacta (SNc) using the nystatin-perforated patch-clamp whole-cell recording technique. The results fall into four main categories. First, single neurons, freshly isolated from SNc, exhibited a large soma and multipolar morphology, responded to DA, and stained positively for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Second, rapid application of L-glutamate (> 10^–5 M) induced an inward current with minimal desensitization at a clamp voltage of –60 mV. Third, kainic acid (KA) or α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole (AMPA) induced an inward current that was similar to the glutamate-induced current while, in the same neuron, NMDA (10^–4 M) failed to induce any current response in Mg²⁺-free solution that contained 10^–5 M glycine at a clamp voltage of –60 mV. Under the same experimental conditions, NMDA induced a clear current response in isolated substantia nigra reticulata (SNr) neurons. Fourth, the specific NMDA receptor antagonist DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV, 10^–4 M) failed to block 10^–4 M glutamate-induced inward current, while the specific KA/AMPA receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-ni-troguinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX, 10^–5 M) completely blocked the glutamate-induced current. These results indicate that in single SNc DAergic neurons of 2-week-old rats, L-glutamate-induced inward current is mediated by non-NMDA receptors rather than by NMDA receptors. Received: 9 September 1997 / Received after revision: 19 November 1997 / Accepted: 20 November 1997