妊娠期糖尿病胎盘功能变化特点及其与围产儿并发症关系研究现状

妊娠期糖尿病（gestational diabetes mellitus，GDM）是常见的内分泌代谢疾病，对孕妇、胎儿及新生儿均可产生各种不良后果，如：妊娠高血压综合征、巨大胎儿或胎儿生长受限、新生儿呼吸窘迫、新生儿红细胞增多症、新生儿高胆红素血症及低血糖等。而胎盘是母-胎间物质交换的重要器官，GDM可引起孕妇胎盘严重的病变，直接影响母儿安危。现就GDM胎盘的变化作进行综述，包括胎盘的形态学变化及胎盘的分子生物学变化。GDM胎盘的研究，将为研究GDM的发病机制及其与新生儿疾病的关系、GDM和母儿并发症的防治提供重要指导。

Advance in the research of placental changes and its relationship with the pregnant outcome in gestational diabetes mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） is one kind of common endocrine disease. It can cause different severe results on gravida, fetus and newborns, such as hypertension syndrome of pregnancy, fetal macrosomia or fetal growth restriction, polycythemia neonatorum and hyperbilirubinemia of newborn. Besides, GDM could cause pathological alterations on placenta, which is important in materies exchanges between mothers and foetus, and have a direct impact on the health of the expectant mother and the fetus. This paper reviews the new adcance on the research of placental changes in GDM, incuding the changes in the fields of morphology and molecular biology. The study on the placental in GDM may conduce to the scientific investigation of the pathogenesy and the association between some neonatal diseases and GDM. Accordingly may improve daignosis and treatment, as well as diminish the complications of GDM.