针具交换结合同伴宣传对吸毒者艾滋病知识及高危性行为的干预效果分析

目的:通过同伴宣传和针具交换项目提高干预对象关于艾滋病知识的知晓率,减少吸毒者传播和感染艾滋病病毒的高危行为,降低吸毒人群中艾滋病病毒的传播流行。方法:通过卫生工作人员和同伴宣传员向吸毒者提供并回收清洁针具、发放宣传折页、张贴宣传画以及对吸毒者进行面对面的宣传等措施在广西壮族自治区百色地区的注射吸毒者中开展了为期1 a的针具交换和同伴宣传项目。在干预前后分别进行基线和终期横断面调查,通过对比两次调查中吸毒者的艾滋病知识和自我报告的高危性行为等变化情况对干预效果进行评估。结果:终期调查时,吸毒者所有艾滋病知识的知晓率均显著高于基线调查时;在终期调查时吸毒者的单一性伴比例为50.5%,显著高于基线调查(27.6%)时,但是他们在婚外性行为中的安全套使用率却显著低于基线调查。结论:同伴宣传结合针具交换干预措施能显著提高吸毒者关于艾滋病方面的知识,显著降低吸毒者多性伴的比例,但是对于提高他们的安全套使用率方面却没有效果。

EFFECTIVENESS OF NEEDLE EXCHANGE COMBINED WITH PEER EDUCATION.PROGRAM ON THE AIDS KNOWLEDGE AND SEXUAL BEHAVIORS OF DRUG USERS MING

Objective:To improve drug users' AIDS knowledge,and to reduce their risk behaviors related to HIV/AIDS infection and reduce HIV/AIDS epidemics among drug users.Methods:Health workers and peer educators distributed,collected and reclaimed needles,disseminated health education pamphlets,posters and provided face-to-face health education to IDUs for a period of one year.Baseline and final questionnaire surveys on their AIDS knowledge and risk sexual behaviors were conducted before and after the interventions to evaluate the program.Results:The correct answer rates of overall HIV/AIDS knowledge were significantly higher in final survey than that of baseline survey;in final survey the proportion of drug users with only one sexual partner(50.5%) was significantly higher than that in baseline survey(27.6%),however,the condom use rate during sex outside of marriage was significantly lower than that in baseline survey.Conclusion:Peer education combined with needle exchange program is associated with the increase of drug users' knowledge.Although the proportion of drug users with only one sexual partner is significantly increased after the intervention,there is no evidence to show the effectiveness of the program on increasing condom use rate during the sex both within and outside of marriage.