山东省中小学生体质量指数及营养过剩情况20年变化趋势分析

目的分析1985—2005年山东省儿童青少年体质量指数及超重、肥胖检出率的长期变化趋势，为控制青少年超重和肥胖提供依据。方法依据1985，1995和2005年山东省学生体质健康调研资料，计算城乡7～18岁中小学生的体质量指数（BMI），采用《中国学生超重、肥胖BMI筛查标准》进行超重和肥胖筛检。结果1985—2005年的20a间，山东省儿童青少年BMI明显增长，城男、城女、乡男、乡女分别平均增长2．57，1．46，1．71和0．93kg／m^2。1985，1995和2005年7～18岁超重总检出率城男分别为3．08％，11．94％，17．53％，城女分别为2．68％，7．17％，10．53％，乡男分别为0．74％，3．11％，11．04％，乡女分别为1．50％，2．61％，7．01％；肥胖检出率城男分别为0．52％，5．28％，14．48％，城女分别为0．30％，3．22％，6．81％，乡男分别为0．03％，0．56％，7．09％，乡女分别为0．11％，0．22％，4．72％，均呈不断上升趋势。结论儿童青少年超重和肥胖已成为严重的公共卫生问题，必须引起高度重视。应采取政府参与、多部门协作的综合干预措施。

Trends in Body Mass Index and the Prevalence of Overnutrition Among Adolescents in the Past Twenty Years in Shandong Province

ObjectiveTo analyze secular changes in body mass index(BMI)and the prevalence of overweight and obesity for adolescents in Shandong Province from 1985 to 2005,and to provide basis for controlling overweight and obesity.MethodsThe BMI of adolescents aged 7-18 was calculated by using the data of students' physical fitness and health surveillance in 1985,1995 and 2005 in Shandong Province,and the prevalence of overweight and obesity were obtained according to the screening criteria of overweight and obesity for Chinese students using BMI.Results In the past 20 years,the BMI of adolescents aged 7-18 averagely increased 2.57 kgm2(urban girls),1.46 kgm2(urban girls),1.71 kgm2(rural boys)and 0.93 kgm2(rural girls).The prevalence rate of over weight among urban male in 1985,1995 and 2005 were 3.08%,11.94% and 17.53%;urban female were 2.68%,7.17% and 10.53%;rural male were 0.74%,3.11% and 11.04%;rural female were 1.50%,2.61% and 7.01%.The prevalence rate of obesity among urban male in 1985,1995 and 2005 were 0.52%,5.28% and 14.48%,urban female were 0.30%,3.22% and 6.81%,rural male were 0.03%,0.56% and 7.09% and rural female were 0.11%,0.22% and 4.72%.The prevalence rates all increased with the year.Conclusion Overweight and obesity among adolescents has become a serious public health problem,it is important to develop effective measures to prevent overweight and obesity.