疝病在中美飞行学员医学选拔中的对照实证研究

目的：通过分析我国空军招飞定选中疝疾病谱，对比中美招飞医学选拔标准，为完善我军招飞医学选拔体系提供参考。方法回顾性地分析空军医学选拔中心近4年招飞定选受检者疝病数据并将其适用于美军招飞标准进行再分析，对比中美招飞医学选拔标准差异。结果2012～2015年共检出40名疝病者，淘汰29人（4人食管裂孔疝，3人脐疝，22人腹股沟疝）；疝病淘汰人数占外科总淘汰人数4．70％，2012～2015年每年疝病占外科淘汰人数比例较为固定（P ＝0．1539）；腹股沟疝、脐疝、食管裂孔疝的中美医学选拔实证研究显示中美疝病医学标准存在明显差异。结论中美招飞医学选拔疝病标准存在差异，美军招飞医学标准重视功能。修改目前疝病医学选拔标准有利于保障我国空军战斗力。

An empirical study on medical selection of flying cadets with hernia disease between PLAAF and USAF

Objective To analyze the disease spectrum of abdominal external hernia during medical selection of flying cadets and compare the medical standards between US Air Force and Chinese PLA Air Force in order to improve the system of medical selection.Methods The data about abdominal external hernia among flying cadets during Chinese PLAAF medical selection between 2012 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed and compared with the medical standards of the USAF flying cadets.Results Twenty-nine candidates were eliminated because of hernia,including 4 cases of hiatal hernia,3 cases of umbilical hernia and 22 cases of inguinal hernia.4.70% of the candidates were eliminated because of hernia disease.Empirical research showed difference in hernia standards between China and the USA.Conclusion Compared with Chinese medical selection standards,the USAF standards give more weight to whether the symptoms of disease impact air safety and efficiency.Our medical selection standards need to be improved by learning from foreign practices.