Dynamic hysteresis between gradient echo and spin echo attenuations in dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging |
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Authors: | Chao Xu Valerij G Kiselev Harald E Möller Jochen B Fiebach |
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Institution: | 1. Academic Neuroradiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité‐Universit?tsmedizin, , Berlin, Germany;2. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Unit, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, , Leipzig, Germany;3. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, , Freiburg, Germany |
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Abstract: | Perfusion measurements using dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging provide additional information about the mean vessel size of microvasculature when supplemented with a dual gradient echo (GE) – spin echo (SE) contrast. Dynamic increase in the corresponding transverse relaxation rate constant changes, ΔR2GE and ΔR2SE, forms a loop on the (Δ , ΔR2GE) plane, rather than a reversible line. The shape of the loop and the direction of its passage differentiate between healthy brain and pathological tissue, such as tumour and ischemic tissue. By considering a tree model of microvasculature, the direction of the loop is found to be influenced mainly by the relative arterial and venous blood volume, as well as the tracer bolus dispersion. A parameter Λ is proposed to characterize the direction and shape of the loop, which might be considered as a novel imaging marker for describing the pathology of cerebrovascular network. Magn Reson Med 69:981–991, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
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Keywords: | dynamic susceptibility contrast transverse relaxation rate constant hysteresis microvasculature perfusion |
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