兔胎仔腹裂模型实验研究

目的制作兔胎仔腹裂模型，探讨肠管病理损害机制和有关胎仔实验外科的技术。方法40只孕兔随机分成三组，分别于妊娠21d、23d、25d行宫内手术，每只孕兔制作胎仔模型1～3只，包括假手术、腹腔内注射羊水和腹裂三组，至孕30d时自然产仔或行剖宫产同收胎仔模型，分别测量出生体重、小肠重量、长度、密度、厚度，并观察肠壁的组织学和细胞超微结构变化。结果孕21d组腹裂模型存活率(37．04％)显著低于孕23d组(70．59％)和25d组(70．83％)；与对照组相比，腹裂模型组胎仔体重低，小肠重量轻、长度短、密度低、厚度增加，病理组织学和超微结构也发生改变。结论胎仔外科的成功受实验对象、胎龄、麻醉、宫内操作技术等诸多因素影响；腹裂胎仔肠管大体形态和组织结构的改变是受羊水浸泡和腹壁裂口缩窄共同作用的结果。

An Experimental Study on Gastroschisis in Fetal Rabbits

Objective The model of gastroschisis was developed in fetal rabbits,to explore the mechanism of histopathological changes of the bowel and experimental technique of fetal surgery. Methods Forty time-mated rabbits underwent hysterotomies and fetal exposure on gestational day 21,23,25. One to three fetuses in each pregnant rabbit,40 pregnant rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group(maternal hysterotomy only); injection of amniotic fluid into the peritoneal cavity of fetuses group; gastroschisis model group respectively;On gestational day 30, fetuses were delivered by cesarean section or natural labour,model of fetal rabbits was recovery.The body weight and small intestinal length, thickness, density were measured; Histopathologic changes were studied too. Results The success rate of experimental gastroschisis on gestational day 21 (37.04%) was significantly lower than that of gestational day 23(70.59%), 25(70.83%). Compared with those control group,the gastroschisis fetuses had significantly lower in body weights,small intestinal weights,length and density and significantly greater in small intestinal thickness in gastroschisis group. Histopathologic changes were observed too. Conclusions Attention must be given to many factors such as gestational stage, anethesia,the operative technique for successful fetal surgery. Intestinal damage in gastroschisis is caused by both exposure to amniotic fluid and constriction of the crack at the abdominal wall.