甲状腺球蛋白实验研究进展与临床应用

甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)是由甲状腺滤泡细胞合成分泌的大分子糖蛋白,是合成甲状腺激素的基质。源于甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞的分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)细胞也不同程度分泌Tg。血清Tg作为DTC特异性肿瘤标志物应用于DTC患者术后的危险分层、疗效评估、长期随访监测及预后判断。但Tg分子存在异质性,血液检测值受到检测方法学、Tg自身抗体等多因素的干扰,导致临床应用血清Tg值评估DTC病情时存在诸多实际问题,即使如此,近年来超敏检测方法的使用进一步增加了Tg的临床适用性。笔者就Tg的相关研究及临床应用需注意的一些问题做简要概述。

Experiment research progress and clinical application of thyroglobulin

Thyroglobulin (Tg), a large glycoprotein molecular synthesized and secreted by thyroid follicular cells, serves as a substrate for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Tg can also be produced with varying levels by differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) originating from thyroid follicular cells. As a specific tumor marker for DTC, Tg has been used in DTC patients for post-surgical risk stratification, efficacy evaluation, long-term follow-up surveillance and prognostic estimation. There are many practical issues in using serum Tg value to assess DTC disease, because of its heterogeneous molecular structure and the technical restriction in its blood value detection as well as the interference of Tg autoantibodies. Even so, the ultrasensitive detection methods developed in recent years further increased the clinical applicability of Tg. Here, the authors provide a brief overview of the research progress of Tg and some important points in its clinical applications.