深圳龙岗区37起有机溶剂职业性损害调查分析

目的分析深圳市龙岗区1995～2003年间共发生的37起有机溶剂职业性损害事故,为防治职业性有机溶剂中毒提供科学资料.方法按有机溶剂职业性损害诊断标准对收集的37起有机溶剂损害事故资料进行分析.结果 37起事故中,中毒183人,死亡9人,病死率4.92%.三氯乙烯所致职业病危害事故16起,列首位(43.24%);受损害19人,死亡7人,病死率高达36.84%,也占全区有机溶剂死亡人数构成比的首位(77.78%);正己烷中毒人数为94人,占总中毒人数的首位(51.37%).结论三氯乙烯和正己烷是引起我区主要职业性损害的有机溶剂;造成事故原因主要为密闭通风、排毒措施不佳,个人防护较差,职工缺乏安全防护知识.

The analysis of 37 cases of occupational organic solvent poisoning in Longgang district of Shenzhen city

Objective To analysis 37 cases of occupational organic solvent poisoning from 1995 to 2003 in Longgang district and provide science basis for preventing and controlling occupational organic solvent poisoning. Methods All data of 37 cases were analyzed based on the diagnosis criteria. Results Of 37 occupational organic solvent poisoning cases, 183 persons were intoxicated and 9 of them died. The mortality was 4 92%. Trichloroethylene was the main chemical that induced intoxication, including 16 cases (43 24%), leaving 19 persons hurt and 7 persons dead (mortality 36 84%), which means 77 78% of the death was caused by trichloroethylene. On the other hand, 94 persons were intoxicated by n hexane, which was ranking first in all poisoning (51 37%). Conclusion The most hazardous factors of occupational organic solvent poisoning were trichloroethylene and n hexane. The main cause of the poisoning was bad ventilation, poor individual protection and the lacking of knowledge on safety and health.