Use of GC × GC/TOF‐MS and LC/TOF‐MS for metabolomic analysis of Hyalella azteca chronically exposed to atrazine and its primary metabolite,desethylatrazine |
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| Authors: | Kimberly J. Ralston‐Hooper Jiri Adamec Amber Jannash Robert Mollenhauer Hugo Ochoa‐Acuña Maria S. Sepúlveda |
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| Affiliation: | 1. National Research Council Post‐Doctoral Fellow, Environmental Protection Agency, Ecosystems Research Division, 960 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA;2. Bindley Bioscience Center at Discovery Park, Purdue University, 201 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;3. Department of Comparative Pathobiology, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;4. School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;5. Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA |
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| Abstract: | Atrazine is one of the most commonly detected contaminants in the U.S. Little information is available on one of atrazine's metabolites, desethylatrazine (DEA). Two‐dimensional gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with time of flight‐ mass spectrometry were used to examine metabolite profiles of Hyalella azteca chronically exposed to 30 µg/L atrazine and DEA. The majority of identified metabolites were by‐products of β‐oxidation of fatty acids suggesting possible disruption in energy metabolism. Eicosanoids increased in exposed females suggesting possible perturbations in neuropeptide hormonal systems. Overall, this research demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing metabolomic profiling of invertebrate species exposed to environmental contaminants as a way to determine mechanisms of toxicity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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| Keywords: | metabolomics LC/TOF‐MS GC × GC/TOF‐MS atrazine desethylatrazine Hyalella azteca hormesis endocrine disruption invertebrates |
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