智能低下儿童病因及早期干预研究

目的为探索智能低下儿童训练的有效方法.方法分析163例智能低下儿童的高危因素;按波特奇(Portage)及弱智儿童早期教育法进行功能训练,训练2个疗程以上的56例为训练组;训练1～2次的31例为对照组,分析训练效果.结果163例智能低下儿童中母孕期有高危因素者136例(83.5%);训练组儿童智商(IQ)或发育商(DQ)训练前得分66.1±3.7;训练后得分82.66±9.57,差异有显著性(P＜0.01);新生儿颅内出血、新生儿窒息和过期产儿训练效果好,训练前后IQ(DQ)差异有显著性(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);1～5岁患儿训练前后IQ(DQ)差异有显著性(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论智能发育落后的儿童,在5岁前按Portage及弱智儿童早期教育法坚持训练,会取得显著效果.

Analysis of causes and training effects of mental retardation

Objective To explore the eiiective approaches to train the MR children.Methods Applying portage and the farly education method for MR Children, 163 cases of MR children were trained in the training center and at home. The group of 56 cases who had been trained over 2 courses was called training group and the one of 31 cases who had been trained for 1-2times called comparison group. Results The perinatal high risk factors were the main reason (83. 46 %), including premature, HIE, etc. After one to four courses of training, it was found that the children with mild MR or younger than one year olds had remarkable effects. DQ or IQ of trained group after training was significant higher than that before training. Children with the factors like prematury, HIE had better training effects. Children aged less than 5 yr. had better training effects. Conclusion It is effective to train MR children before 5 years old with Portage and MR children Early education.