中国农村地区高血压和糖尿病管理和控制模式的探索——基于中国农村卫生发展项目的实践分析

卫十一项目的 8个项目省、40个项目县,以社区诊断和健康档案的建立为切入点,以高血压、糖尿病等主要慢性病为抓手,针对健康人群、高危人群和患者等三类人群的需求,采取健康教育与促进、健康管理和疾病管理等措施,探索建立农村慢性病管理新模式。项目地区慢性病监测数据分析发现,登记和管理的高血压和糖尿病患者显著增加,其管理率从2009年的60.8%和32.2%分别上升到2013年的92.2%和88.8%;全国第五次卫生服务调查结果显示,项目地区调查人口自报高血压和糖尿病的控制率(63.8%,50.2%)显著高于全国农村地区平均水平(54.9%,38.3%)。结果提示,以培训、健康教育、健康管理和疾病管理为核心的农村慢性病管理模式有效改善了农村慢性病服务能力,项目地区所实施的慢性病综合干预措施切实可行,有借鉴和推广价值。

Management and control of hypertension and diabetes in rural areas of China:Based on the practice of China Rural Health Project

With the support of World Bank (WB) and UK Department for International Development (DFID), China Rural Health Project (hereinafter referred as "Health XI Project")has successfully covered 40 counties in 8 provinces. With the establishment of community diagnosis and health records as the entry point, hypertension, diabetes and other major chronic diseases as the starting point, and focus on the needs of healthy people, high-risk groups and patients, the project mainly adopts health education and promotion, health management, disease management and other measures to explore the establishment of a new model of rural chronic disease management. By analyzing the monitoring data of chronic diseases in the project zones, this study found that the number of registered and managed patients with hypertension and diabetes increased significantly, from 397,113 and 136,326 in 2009 to 1,500,252 and 388,846 in 2013, respectively. The management rate also increased from 60.8% and 32.2% in 2009 to 92.2% and 88.8% in 2013, respectively. The results of the 5th National Health Service Survey show that, the control rates for self-reported hypertension and diabetes ((53.8% and 50.2%, respectively) in the project zones were significantly higher than the national average in rural areas (54.9% and 38.3%, respectively). This paper suggests that, with focus on training, health education, health promotion, health management and disease management as the core mainline, the chronic disease management model has effectively improved the chronic disease service capabilities in rural areas,. The comprehensive and integrated chronic disease interventions implemented by the project in the rural areas is practical, and it has value of popularization and application.