新农村的健康之路——健康村建设的政策设计与初步效果

健康村建设是世行贷款/英国赠款中国农村卫生发展项目在项目地区广泛开展的一项活动。本文利用项目初期基线调查、中期评估督导、终末评价验收时获取的定性与定量数据,对健康村建设的政策干预设计及其效果进行分析。研究发现,健康村建设以人居环境改造为切入点,通过环境改善、营造有利于健康的社会环境、扩大和提供优质健康服务、培育健康的行为生活方式等措施实现了较好的政策效果:健康村创建扩大到745个行政村、村民健康知识得到较大提高、健康村的村居环境明显优于周边其它村庄、村民的生活行为有所改变、村民对于文化体育活动的观念和参与度得到提高等。建议在全国倡导开展健康村建设,将健康村的理念贯穿于各类新农村建设的内涵之中,从而使健康的理念在农村深入人心,潜移默化地改变人们的生活行为习惯。

A road to new healthy countryside:Policy design and initial effects of China's healthy rural reconstruction

Healthy rural reconstruction is a widely explored intervention implemented by China Rural Health Development Project with the support of the World Bank and UK Department for International Development. By using initial project baseline data survey, mid-term evaluation and supervision, terminal evaluation of acquired qualitative and quantitative data,this paper analyzes the intervention policy design and initial effects of China's healthy rural reconstruction. With transforming the living environment in rural areas as the starting point, the project has relatively achieved good results, by using different policy measures such as improving the environment, creating a social environment conducive to villagers' health, expanding and providing high-quality health services, foster healthy behaviors and lifestyles, etc. The main results include the expansion of the project to cover 745 administrative villages, the environment of healthy villages is much better than other neighboring villages, villagers' health knowledge has been greatly increased, lifestyle behaviors of villagers have improved, the attitudes and participation rate of residents in cultural and sports activities have improved, etc. This paper suggests implementing the healthy rural reconstruction nationwide. It is very important to integrate the concept of healthy village throughout the connotation of all kinds of new rural reconstruction, so the concept of health is deeply rooted in rural areas and imperceptibly change people's living behaviors and habits.