摩托车事故伤的伤情特点与影响因素

目的:探讨摩托车事故伤的伤情特点与影响因素。资料来源:检索Medline1980-01/2005-12和EMCC1995-01/2005-12期间与摩托车事故伤相关的文献,检索词为“motorcycle,crash,injury,trafficaccident”,并限定语言种类为英语,另一些文章和资料通过手工检索中文杂志和专著。资料选择:根据可靠性、先进性和时效性的原则,对资料进行初审,选取该领域的研究原著,查找全文。排除重复性研究及综述类文章。资料提炼:关于摩托车事故伤的伤情特点、发生机制和防护方法方面的文献,一共收集到87篇,排除了36篇,最终纳入51篇。资料综合:①摩托车事故中影响死亡率的最重要伤型是头部伤,佩戴头盔有助于减小伤亡率;胸部伤、腹部伤、以及骨盆环骨折伴长骨损伤是造成伤亡的第二大影响因素。②驾驶或搭乘摩托车而受伤者主要是年轻人、初学而无经验的驾驶员和男性驾驶员。引擎容量较大的摩托车、与重型车辆的碰撞、两车相向对撞等更容易引起致命的后果。酒后驾车和超速行驶是引起摩托车事故的常见因素。结论:摩托车交通事故已成为当今世界日益严重的公共健康问题。深入了解摩托车伤的伤情特点和影响因素,可以改进病人的早期诊断和处理、减少治疗并发症的发生率。更先进、更有力的防护努力是急需的。需要实行更严格的头盔法规,有效增加头盔与主动防护设备的兼容性。需要实行更严格的强制措施,防止酒后驾车造成的交通事故。

Injury patterns and risk factors of motorcycle crashes

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the injury patterns and risk factors of motorcycle crashes.DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search was undertaken to identify English articles about motorcycle crashes published from January 1980 to December 2005 in Medline database and from January 1995 to December 2005 in EMCC database, the keywords were "motorcycle,crash, injury, traffic accident". Meanwhile, a manual search of relevant journals and monographs was performed for the articles and data published in Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: Based on the principles of reliability, advancement and efficiency, the data were primarily examined, and the original articles in this research field were selected to look up the full-texts. The repetitive studies and reviews were excluded.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 87 articles were collected about the incidence, mechanism and protective methods of motorcycle crashes and motorcycle injuries, 36 of them were excluded, and finally 51 were enrolled.DATA SYNTHESIS: The most important variable affecting mortality in motorcycle crashes is head injury. Wearing a helmet should continue to be compulsory, as this single measure can help to reduce the mortality in motorcyclists. Thoracic and abdominal trauma as well as pelvic ring fractures associated with long bone injuries appears to be the secondary factors contributing to reduced survival. The injured motorcyclists were predominant young, novice inexperienced riders and male. A fatal outcome was more likely to be associated with a larger engine capacity motorcycle, collision with a heavy vehicle, head on collision, and collision at a non-junction road. Alcohol and excessive speed were common factors associated with motorcyclist crash involvement.CONCLUSION: Motorcycle crashes are an increasing public health problem in the present world. A thorough understanding of the injury patterns and risk factors in motorcyclists may improve the initial assessment and management of these patients and reduce the risk of inflicting further iatrogenic complications. Renewed and strengthened prevention efforts are warranted. A stricter enforcement of helmet laws would be effective to increase compliance with active protection devices. Stricter law enforcement also should be carried out to prevent alcohol-related accidents. It is hoped that these results will ultimately be used in concert with that from other researchers focusing on preventative devices to reduce the incidence of motorcycle crashes and still others examining specific therapies to address the type and nature of the motorcycle injury.