听力障碍儿童智商发育影响因素和对策研究

本文采用H-NTLA对上海地区一组听力障碍儿童进行了智力测试,并对环境状况进行了调查。结果显示听力障碍儿童的群体平均智商为89,呈普遍智力发育迟缓状.在诸种影响因素中,父亲职业、母亲受教育程度、母亲饮酒史、主要扶养教育者、不良社会文化因素、不良心理刺激、儿童在校成绩和出现听力障碍的年龄等9项与听力障碍儿童的智商水平呈现一定联系.尤以潜在的不良心理刺激又潜在的不良社会文化因素最为显著,如果存在,则听力障碍儿童的智商明显低于其他听力缺失儿童(P<0.005).运用多元逐步回归进行分析,进入方程的仅4项,依次为:不良心理刺激、母亲文化程度、主要扶养照管人、母亲饮酒情况,提示:听力障碍儿童智力发育很关键的一点在于家庭及社会的关心和倾注更多的精力,其次是关心的方式.本文认为,促进听力障碍儿童的智力发展,可以从以下两方面入手:(1)家长的爱心和更多时间与听力障碍儿童沟通,以强化聋儿对社会的了解,减少不良因素刺激.(2)早期诊断、早期配用助听器、早期进行语言训练。

STRATEGIES AND FACTORS TO PROMOTE THE MENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF HEARING-IMPAIRMENT CHILDREN

This study used the H-NTLA approach to measure the IQ of 70 hearing-impairment children in Shanghai,and meanwhile, collected the data related to their living environment. The results discovered that the average IQ score of these children was 89, which is much lower than that of the normal children. Many factors were associated with the IQ development of these children, include father's occupatoins, mother's educational levels and alcohol records,guider's types, some socio-cultural influences,psycho-stimulus, grades in school,and the age at which the child appearred the hearing-impairment. Among these above factors, the bad psycho-stimulus and socio-cultural influences were the stronger effects. Four factors,such as bad psycho-stimulus, mother's educational levels, guider's types and mother's alcohol records were determined to play important roles in affecting the multiple stepwise regression analysis. This paper argued that parents or guiders should pay more attention with scientific methods so that it would be able effec- tively to improve the IQ development of these hearing-impairment children. The scientific and effective methods included (1) to strengthen these children to communite with their surroundings; (2) to decrease possible bad psycho-stimulus; (3) early diagnosis, treatment and training.