Docosahexaenoic acid and n-6 docosapentaenoic acid supplementation alter rat skeletal muscle fatty acid composition |
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Authors: | Ken D Stark Sun-Young Lim Jr" target="_blank">Norman SalemJr |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratory of Nutritional and Nutraceutical Research, Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, ON, Canada;(2) Division of Marine Environment & Bioscience, Korea Maritime University, 606-791 Busan, Korea;(3) Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, 20892 Bethesda, MD, USA |
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Abstract: | Background Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) and n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6, DPAn-6) are highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA,
≥ 20 carbons, ≥ 3 double bonds) that differ by a single carbon-carbon double bond at the Δ19 position. Membrane 22:6n-3 may
support skeletal muscle function through optimal ion pump activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum and electron transport in the
mitochondria. Typically n-3 fatty acid deficient feeding trials utilize linoleic acid (18:2n-6, LA) as a comparison group,
possibly introducing a lower level of HUFA in addition to n-3 fatty acid deficiency. The use of 22:5n-6 as a dietary control
is ideal for determining specific requirements for 22:6n-3 in various physiological processes. The incorporation of dietary
22:5n-6 into rat skeletal muscles has not been demonstrated previously. A one generation, artificial rearing model was utilized
to supply 22:6n-3 and/or 22:5n-6 to rats from d2 after birth to adulthood. An n-3 fatty acid deficient, artificial milk with
18:2n-6 was supplemented with 22:6n-3 and/or 22:5n-6 resulting in four artificially reared (AR) dietary groups; AR-LA, AR-DHA,
AR-DPAn-6, AR-DHA+DPAn-6. A dam reared group (DAM) was included as an additional control. Animals were sacrificed at 15 wks
and soleus, white gastrocnemius and red gastrocnemius muscles were collected for fatty acid analyses. |
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