医学营养治疗在妊娠期糖尿病中的临床应用

我国妊娠期糖尿病患病率呈上升趋势，疾病相关的并发症也随之增加。医学营养治疗是妊娠期糖尿病患者管理的重要部分，目的是维持孕期血糖正常，控制体质量增长，既保证胎儿生长发育，又减少母体并发症，改善妊娠结局。医学营养治疗的原则和方法逐步完善，但在各营养素摄入量、碳水化合物摄入比例、微量营养素补充及体质量控制等方面尚存在争议。本文就医学营养治疗对妊娠期糖尿病的临床应用进行综述。

Clinical application of medical nutrition treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing in recent years, and pregnant women with GDM are at a higher risk of maternal-fetal complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Medical nutrition treatment (MNT) plays an important role in the management of GDM. The primary objective of MNT is to maintain euglycemia, control gestational weight gain and ensure fetus growth while reducing the risks of complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, some strategies about MNT remain outstanding questions. Current controversies in MNT involve energy and carbohydrate restriction, dietary composition, gestational weight gain and supplement of microelement. This article reviews the guidelines of authoritative institution and the latest researches, then summarizes the details of MNT.