高跟鞋与足部跖间应力关系的有限元分析

目的 研究穿着高跟鞋时前足跖间组织的应力变化，为跖间神经瘤诱发机制的定量分析和相应治疗方案提供参考。方法 通过已验证的足-踝-高跟鞋有限元模型平台，分析足部在0、2.54、5.08、7.62 cm［0、1、2、3″（英寸）］4种不同跟高高跟鞋平衡站立以及穿5.08 cm跟高高跟鞋行走时步态周期内的跖间组织应力大小及趋势。结果 随着鞋跟高度的增加，跖间组织应力明显增加，穿7.62 cm跟高高跟鞋时第3、4跖间组织受力是穿平跟鞋的312%。穿5.08 cm跟高高跟鞋行走时，在蹬地期第3、4跖间组织的受力最大，达到90 kPa，与临床最常见的跖间神经瘤发病部位相符。结论 穿着高跟鞋明显增加跖间组织的应力，鞋面横向挤压导致第3、4跖间组织受力最大，最容易导致跖间神经瘤的发生。

Finite element analysis on relationship between wearing high-heeled shoes and stresses in intermetatarsal region of foot

Objective To study stress changes in forefoot intermetatarsal region when wearing high-heeled shoes, so as to provide references for quantitative analysis on inducement mechanism of intermetatarsal neuroma and corresponding treatment strategy. Methods Based on the validated foot-ankle-shoe finite element platform, changes of stress levels and tendency in intermetatarsal region were analyzed for both in balanced standing when wearing 0-3 inch (0, 2.54, 5.08, 7.62 cm) high-heeled shoes and walking when wearing 5.08 cm high-heeled shoes in a gait cycle. Results With the increase of heel height, the stresses in intermetatarsal region were significantly increased, and the stress in the third web space of toes when wearing 7.62 cm high-heeled shoes reached 312% of that when wearing flat shoes (0 cm high-heeled shoes). When walking with 5.08 cm high-heeled shoes, the third web space of toes at push-off instance had the largest stress, reaching 90 kPa, which agreed with the most commonly pathogenic site of intermetatarsal neuroma in clinic. Conclusions Wearing high-heeled shoes can obviously increase the stress in intermetatarsal region. Squeezing by upper extrusion of shoes can result in the largest stresses in the third web space of toes region, which is most likely to cause the development of intermetatarsal neuroma.