HACCP在大汶河流域小型供水系统及水质检测中的应用

目的]探讨危害分析和关键控制点(HACCP)在大汶河流域小型供水系统、用户及卫生检测机构应用的可行性,以便有针对性地制定具体的控制和管理措施。方法]2011年,将HACCP的原理和方法应用于泰安市辖区内大汶河流域小型供水系统、用户及卫生检测等流程,并对执行控制措施的效果进行评价。结果]确定了水源水井周围环境及水质消毒,输水管道的材质、深度及位置,用户的家庭生活环境及盛水器具,样品采集方式、运送时间及措施、检验操作过程、实验器材及无菌环境是影响农村小型集中供水水质的关键控制点,制定并实施控制和管理措施。实施1年后与实施前比较,饮用水的硝酸盐等理化指标合格率变化不明显(P>0.05),细菌总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群合格率明显上升(P<0.01)。结论]在大汶河流域小型供水系统、用户及卫生检测机构中应用HACCP可明显提高供水的微生物指标合格率。

Application of HACCP in Detection of Small Water Supply System and Water Quality in Dawen River Basin

Objective]To explore the feasibility of the hazard analysis and critical control point （ HACCP ） in small water systems, users and health detection institutions of Dawen River Basin,in order to develop specific control and management measures. Methods]In 2011 ,the principle and method of HACCP was applied to procedures in small water systems, users and health detection of Taian area of Dawen River,and evaluation was made on the effect of executive control measures. Results]The key control point of water supply in rural small set included the surrounding environment of water wells;water disinfection;material, depth and position of pipelines;living environment and water containers of user;sample collection;delivery time and measures~ process test;experimental equipment and aseptic environment. Compared with one year ago without implementation in drinking water, there was no obvious change in physical and chemical indicators, such as nitrate （ P 〉0.05 ）;but there was significant increase in qualified rate including the total count of bacteria, coliform bacteria and thermotolerant coliform bacteria （ P 〈0.01）. Conclusion] HACCP application can obviously improve the qualified rate of mcrobial indicators in the small water supply system, user and health detection institutions of Dawen River basin.