2012年蓬莱市山丘地区农村饮用水卫生状况调查

目的了解和掌握蓬莱市山丘地区农村饮用水卫生状况，为政府决策提供依据。方法2012年，随机抽取蓬莱市山丘地区的35个农村饮用水供水点，对其卫生状况进行现场调查，于枯水期（4月）和丰水期（8月）分别采集水样进行卫生指标检测与评价。结果调查的35个供水点中，深井水24个，浅井水11个；日供水量100-499t的12个，50～99t的23个；30个取水点周围有卫生防护措施，4个水源周围卫生状况较差；35名从业人员中只有3人持有健康合格证；水源水经完全处理（沉淀、过滤、消毒）后供水的仅有1个点，占2．86％。合计检测水样70份，全部指标均合格的占18．57％。水样合格率，枯水期为28．57％，丰水期为8．57％（P〈0．05）；经完全处理的为47．17％，沉淀、过滤的为14．71％，仅消毒的为3／8，未处理的为11．54％（P〈0．05）。检测的34项指标中，70份水样全部合格的有pH、铜、铅、镉、铬、挥发酚类、耗氧量、碘、砷、汞、硒、阴离子合成洗涤剂、氰化物、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳，臭和味、菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群的合格率分别为78．57％、25．71％、81．42％、81．42％，均为枯水期高于丰水期，差异有统计学意义（Pd0．05）；其他15项指标的的合格率为68．57％～97．14％。结论2012年蓬莱市山丘地区农村饮用水的卫生状况较差，微生物污染较为严重。

Survey on Hygienic Status of Rural Drinking Water of Hill Area in Penglai City, 2012

Objective To understand the hygienic status of rural drinking water of hill areas in Penglai city,so as to provide scientific basis for making decision by government. Methods A field survey on hygienic status of 35 rural drinking water by random from 225 was conducted in 2012. The water samples were collected in dry season （April） and rainy season （August） ,respectively,and deep wells and 11 shallow were evaluated. Results There were 35 rural drink- ing water of hill areas containing 24 deep wells and 11 shallow wells. All sources were less than 500 tons in daily water drinking supply,including 12 daily water supplying in 100-499 t and 23 50 99 t. There were 30 rural water sources with health protection measures and 4 water sources were poor. Only three persons held a health certificate in 35 workers. One supplying water has complete treatment of water （precipitation, filtration, disinfection）, accounting for 2.86 %. A total of 70 water samples were detected,and those with all indicators qualified accounted for 18.57%. Water quality qualified rate was 28.57% and 8.57% in dry period and abundant water period（ P 〈0.05）. The passing rate of complete treatment was 100 % and sedimentation/ filtration was 14.71%;the qualified rate of disinfection was 37.5 % and without treatment was 11.54% （ P 〈0.05）. All qualified in 34 indexes of 70 samples included pH, copper, lead, cadmium, chromium, volatile phenol, oxygen consumption, iodine, arsenic, mercury, selenium, anion synthetic detergent, cyanide, chloroform, carbon tet- rachloride. The qualified rate of smell and taste, total bacteria, total coliforms, thermotolerant coliform bacteria was 78.57%,25.71%,81.42% and 81.42%. All of them were higher in dry season than in wet period,and the difference was statistically significant （ P 〈0.05） ;The qualified rate in the other 15 indexes was 68.57%-97. 14%. Conclusion The hygienic status of rural drinking water of hill area in Penglai city is poor. due to contamination by microbes.