A case of urothelial tumor involving renal pelvis, ureter and bladder in a patient receiving hemodialysis

A 59-year old male who had undergone hemodialysis for 5 years, visited our hospital with a complaint of asymptomatic gross hematuria. Urinary cytology was positive and random biopsy revealed invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The patient underwent total cystectomy and ureterocutaneostomy. Also right nephrectomy was performed because pathological examination during the operation revealed that the right ureteral margin had carcinoma in situ. Carcinoma in situ involved the right renal pelvis, the right ureter and the bladder in the resected specimen. Frequency of urothelial tumor in patients who undergo hemodialysis is still unknown, and the number of reported cases is too small to acknowledge the natural history of the urothelial tumor in patients on hemodialysis.