环境镉接触区居民尿液宏量元素的改变

目的 了解环境镉接触人群尿液宏量元素的改变。方法 利用质子激发X－线荧光法（PIXE），同步测定华东某地镉接触人群及对照人群尿中5种宏量元素含量，并用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定当地土壤、大米和调查对象的血清、尿液中镉含量。结果 与对照组比较，环境接触镉人群尿钙、磷和氯排泄显著增加（P＜0.05），其中尿氯增加尤为显著，为对照组的26倍以上。相关分析显示血清镉与5种元素之间均有显著相关关系；尿镉与硫、磷、氯之间存在偏相关关系。结论 慢性接触镉可使尿钙、磷和氯排泄显著增加，尿氯可能是环境镉接触人群生物监测的敏感指标。

Changes of partial macroelements in urine of environmentally Cd-exposed inhabitants

Objective To observe the changes of partial urinary macroelements of inhabitants longing-term environmentally exposed to cadmium.Methods Five macroelements in urinary samples from control and Cd-exposed population living in a region of east China was detected by means of proton induced x-ray emission(PIXE) simultaneously and cadmium in the local soil,rice,and the serum,urine of the subjects were detected by graphite-furnace absorption spectrophotometry(GFAAS).Results Compared with control group,significantly increased excretion of calcium,phosphor,chlorine in urine of Cd-exposed group were observed ( P <0.05),in which chlorine was twenty six times as much as that of control one.There were correlations between serum Cd and five macroelements respectively and partial correlations between urinary Cd and phosphor,sulfphur,chlorine,respectively.Conclusion Long-term exposure of Cd may promote excretion of urinary calcium,phosphor,chlorine,except for sulfphur and potassium.Urinary chlorine may be a sensitive index for environmental cadmium-exposed population.