电磁刺激疗法预防卒中吞咽障碍吸入性肺炎的研究进展

卒中后吞咽障碍患者免疫力下降，频繁误吸易引起吸入性肺炎，预防吸入性肺炎是卒中吞咽康复的重要原则。电、磁刺激疗法作为卒中后吞咽障碍的新兴治疗手段，通过将电刺激或磁刺激作用于外周肌群、大脑皮层与周围神经，在卒中吞咽障碍的肺炎预防中发挥了重要作用。具体技术主要包括神经肌肉电刺激、咽腔电刺激、重复外周磁刺激、重复经颅磁刺激、经颅直流电刺激与迷走神经刺激。电、磁疗法对肌肉激活与神经元调控具有积极作用，可增加大脑皮层兴奋性，改善吞咽运动不充分、不协调等问题，从而减少误吸发生，达到预防肺炎的目的。

Progress of Electrical Stimulation and Magnetic Stimulation in Prevention of Pneumonia Associated with Post-stroke Dysphagia

Post-stroke patients with dysphagia have decreased immunity, who are easy to suffer from pneumonia if he aspirates frequently. Therefore, prevention of pneumonia is an important principle of post-stroke dysphagia rehabilitation. As novel methods, electrical stimulation and magnetic stimulation therapy play an important role in the prevention of post-stroke dysphagia associated pneumonia by stimulating peripheral muscles, cerebral cortex and peripheral nerves. The technologies mainly included neuromuscular electrical stimulation, pharyngeal electrical stimulation, repeated peripheral magnetic stimulation, repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation and vagus nerve stimulation. These therapies have a positive effect on muscle activation and neuronal regulation, can increase the excitability of cerebral cortex and improve inadequate and uncoordinated swallowing movement, so as to reduce aspiration and prevent pneumonia.