Better safe than sorry: Understanding the toxicological properties of inorganic nanoparticles manufactured for biomedical applications |
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| Authors: | Bengt Fadeel Alfonso E Garcia-Bennett |
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| Institution: | 1. Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70806, USA;2. Center for Atomic-Level Catalyst Design, #324, Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;3. Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70802, USA;4. Dept. Physical Chemistry and Microreaction Technology, Institute for Physics, Technical University of Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany;1. Fachbereich Physik and WZMW, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany;2. Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Spain;3. Dept. EA3798 “Detection and Nanotechnological Therapeutical Approaches to Biological Mechanisms of Defence”, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France;4. Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, 115409 Moscow, Russian Federation;5. Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie II, Universität Bayreuth, Germany;1. MatSearch Consulting, Pully, Switzerland;2. Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA;3. Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Materials, Powder Technology Laboratory, Station 12, Lausanne, Switzerland;1. Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt;2. Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt;3. Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia;4. Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt;1. Biomedical Research Centre, iMUDS, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Cartuja, Granada, Spain;2. Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, C/ Julian Clavería 8, Oviedo, Spain |
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| Abstract: | The development of nanoparticles for biomedical applications including medical imaging and drug delivery is currently undergoing a dramatic expansion. However, as the range of nanoparticle types and applications increases, it is also clear that the potential toxicities of these novel materials and the properties driving such toxic responses must also be understood. Indeed, a detailed assessment of the factors that influence the biocompatibility and/or toxicity of nanoparticles is crucial for the safe and sustainable development of the emerging nanotechnologies. This review summarizes some of the recent developments in the field of nanomedicine with particular emphasis on inorganic nanoparticles for drug delivery. The synthesis routes, physico-chemical characteristics, and cytotoxic properties of inorganic nanoparticles are thus explored and lessons learned from the toxicological investigation of three common types of engineered nanomaterials of titania, gold, and mesoporous silica are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the recognition versus non-recognition of engineered nanomaterials by the immune system, the primary surveillance system against microorganisms and particles, which, in turn, is intimately linked to the issue of targeted drug delivery using such nanomaterials as carrier systems. |
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