我国噪声暴露劳动者高频听力损失检出率的Meta分析

目的运用Meta分析评估我国噪声暴露劳动者高频听力损失检出率及其时间和地区分布,为我国职业人群噪声聋的防治提供科学依据。方法于2020年2至4月,检索中国知识资源总库(中国知网,CNKI)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、PubMed等数据库的各地重点职业病监测和职业健康风险评估项目中噪声暴露劳动者听力检测人数和双耳高频平均听阈≥40 dB人数,检索时间段设置为建库以来至2020年2月28日,使用R 3.6.2软件计算合并噪声暴露劳动者高频听力损失检出率。结果共纳入28篇文献、34份数据,进行听力检测的噪声暴露劳动者1 259 571人;研究时间涉及2015-2018年,地区覆盖全国16个省(市、自治区)。全国噪声暴露劳动者高频听力损失检出率为9.45%(96%CI:7.64%~11.64%);按照时间进行亚组分析,2018年高频听力损失检出率(10.54%)最高,其次为2017年(10.17%)和2016年(9.21%),2015年(7.88%)最低。按照地区进行亚组分析,中部地区高频听力损失检出率(12.23%)最高,东部地区(10.21%)次之,西部地区(7.91%)和东北部地区(5.21%)最低。结论我国噪声暴露劳动者高频听力损失检出率较高,应加强噪声暴露劳动者听力保护,防止噪声聋的发生。

High frequency hearing loss detection rate in occupational noise exposed workers in China: a Meta-analysis

Objective A Meta-analysis was used to evaluate the high frequency hearing loss detection rate,its area and time distributions in occupational noise exposed workers in China to provide evidence for the prevention and control of occupational noise-induced deafness.Methods From February to April 2020,the number of hearing tests and the number of binaural high frequency average hearing threshold≥40 dB of workers exposed to noise in key occupational disease monitoring and occupational health risk assessment project in China was collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP database and PubMed database.The retrieval time was set from the establishment of the database to February 28,2020.The R 3.6.2 software was used to calculate the pooled high frequency hearing loss detection rate.Results A total of 28 studies,included 34 data and 1259571 occupational noise exposed workers,were enrolled.The articles covered 16 provinces in 2015-2018.The pooled high frequency hearing loss detection rate in occupational noise exposed workers was 9.45%(95%CI:7.64%-11.64%).The high frequency hearing loss detection rate(10.54%)was higher in 2018 than other years(2017:10.17%,2016:9.21%,2015:7.88%).The high frequency hearing loss detection rate(12.23%)was higher in central China than in eastern(10.21%),western(7.91%)and north-eastern(5.21%)China.Conclusion The overall high frequency hearing loss detection rate in occupational noise exposed workers is generally high in China.It is important to strengthen the hearing protection in occupational noise exposed workers to facilitate the occupational noise-induced deafness prevention and control in China.