蛋白冠对纳米粒体内循环的影响和应用研究进展

纳米粒在检测、治疗癌症以及各种疑难杂症方面具有较佳的适用性,但单核吞噬系统可严重缩短纳米粒的体内循环时间,降低药物疗效。纳米粒进入机体后在其表面形成的蛋白冠可改变其表面性质,干扰吞噬细胞的识别,从而影响其在体内的循环时间。本文概述了蛋白冠的一般组成和形成过程,总结了纳米粒物理化学性质如粒径、表面电荷、亲水性和表面材料对蛋白冠形成的影响。蛋白冠影响纳米粒体内循环,主要在于吸附的调理蛋白促进细胞吞噬。因此,本文还介绍了应用蛋白冠促进纳米粒体内长循环的方法,通过设计合适的理化性质、表面修饰和定向设计蛋白冠,减少蛋白质在纳米粒表面的吸附。以减少纳米粒在单核吞噬系统(主要是肝脏和脾脏的吞噬细胞)的清除,实现纳米粒在体内长循环的目标。

Research advances in the effect and utilization of protein corona on the circulation of nanoparticles in vivo

Nanoparticles have better applicability in the detection,treatment of cancer and various difficult diseases,but mononuclear phagocytosis system can seriously shorten the time of nanoparticles in vivo circulation,reduce the drug efficacy.The protein crown formed on the surface of the nanoparticle after entering the body can change its surface properties,interfere with the recognition of phagocytes,and thus affect its circulation time in vivo.This article outlines the general composition and formation process of protein crowns.It also summarizes the influence of the physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles,such as particle size,surface charge,hydrophilicity and surface materials on the formation of protein crowns.The protein crown affects the circulation of nanoparticles in vivo,mainly because the adsorbed opsonic protein promotes cell phagocytosis.Therefore,we also introduce the method of using protein crowns to promote the long circulation of nanoparticles in vivo.By designing appropriate physical and chemical properties,surface modification,and directed design of protein crowns,the adsorption of proteins on the surface of nanoparticles can be reduced.Therefore,it can reduce the clearance of nanoparticles in the mononuclear phagocytic system(mainly the phagocytes of the liver and spleen),and achieve the goal of long circulation of nanoparticles in the body.