Genetic risk,parent–child relations,and antisocial phenotypes in a sample of African-American males |
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| Authors: | Kevin M Beaver Ashley Sak Jamie Vaske Jessica Nilsson |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States;2. Division of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0389, United States;1. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Av. Itália km 8, 96201-900 Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;2. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Itália km 8, 96201-900 Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;3. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Av. Itália km 8, 96201-900 Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;4. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Instituto de Oceanografia, Av. Itália km 8, 96201-900 Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;1. National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil;2. Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil;3. Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;4. Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada;5. Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;6. Center for Applied Genomics, Children''s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States;7. Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil;8. Mathematics & Statistics Institute, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil;9. Department & Institute of Psychiatry (IPq), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;10. Institute of Radiology (INRAD), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;11. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory (DCNL), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil;1. University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia;2. Technical University of Ko?ice, Ko?ice, Slovak Republic;3. Center for Basic and Applied Research (CZAV), University of Hradec Králové, Czechia |
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| Abstract: | Gene × environment interactions have been found to be associated with the development of antisocial behaviors. The extant gene × environment research, however, has failed to measure directly the ways in which global measures of genetic risk may interact with a putative environmental risk factor. The current study addresses this gap in the literature and examines the interrelationships among a global measure of genetic risk based on five genetic polymorphisms, a measure of parent–child relations, and eight antisocial phenotypes. Analysis of African-American males (N = 145 to 159) drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) revealed two broad findings. First, the genetic risk and parent–child relations scales were inconsistently related to the outcome variables. Second, genetic risk and parent–child relations interacted to predict variation in all of the eight antisocial phenotype measures. These findings point to the possibility that measures of genetic risk that are based on multiple polymorphisms can be employed to examine the gene × environmental basis to antisocial behavioral phenotypes. |
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