外泌体对缺血性卒中的作用机制及研究进展

缺血性卒中是由于脑部相关区域血供中断,导致神经元缺血缺氧死亡和永久性神经功能损伤的一类脑血管疾病。外泌体是一种特殊的细胞外囊泡,其外膜为脂质双层结构,内含脂质、蛋白质及DNA、RNA等物质,能够作为运输载体穿过血脑屏障,完成细胞间信息交流和遗传物质的转载,这一过程对缺血性卒中后神经功能的恢复至关重要。其中微小核糖核酸（microRNA,miRNA/miR）作为缺血性卒中的标志物和治疗靶点,在缺血性卒中的诊断、治疗和预后中发挥重要作用。本文主要介绍了外泌体对缺血性卒中的作用机制、防治价值以及干细胞源性外泌体的治疗作用。

Progress and Mechanism of Exosome in Ischemic Stroke

Ischemic stroke is a kind of ischemic cerebrovascular disease that leads to neuronalischemia and hypoxia death and permanent neurological damage due to interruption of cerebralblood supply. Exosome is a special extracellular vesicle. It has lipid bilayer membrane, theingredients of which contain lipids, proteins, DNA, RNA and other substances. Exosome can beused as a transport carrier to cross the blood-brain barrier, to complete information exchange andgenetic material transfer between the cells. The process is crucial for the recovery of neurologicalfunction after ischemic stroke. MicroRNAs (miRNA/miR), as biomarkers and therapeutic targetsof ischemic stroke, play an important role in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of ischemicstroke. In this paper, the mechanism and therapeutic value of exosomes in ischemic stroke and thetherapeutic effect of exosomes derived from stem cells were reviewed.