外泌体对缺血性卒中的作用机制及研究进展

缺血性卒中是由于脑部相关区域血供中断，导致神经元缺血缺氧死亡和永久性神经功能损伤的一类脑血管疾病。外泌体是一种特殊的细胞外囊泡，其外膜为脂质双层结构，内含脂质、蛋 白质及DNA、RNA等物质，能够作为运输载体穿过血脑屏障，完成细胞间信息交流和遗传物质的转载， 这一过程对缺血性卒中后神经功能的恢复至关重要。其中微小核糖核酸（microRNA，miRNA/miR）作为缺血性卒中的标志物和治疗靶点，在缺血性卒中的诊断、治疗和预后中发挥重要作用。本文主要介绍了外泌体对缺血性卒中的作用机制、防治价值以及干细胞源性外泌体的治疗作用。

Progress and Mechanism of Exosome in Ischemic Stroke

Ischemic stroke is a kind of ischemic cerebrovascular disease that leads to neuronal ischemia and hypoxia death and permanent neurological damage due to interruption of cerebral blood supply. Exosome is a special extracellular vesicle. It has lipid bilayer membrane, the ingredients of which contain lipids, proteins, DNA, RNA and other substances. Exosome can be used as a transport carrier to cross the blood-brain barrier, to complete information exchange and genetic material transfer between the cells. The process is crucial for the recovery of neurological function after ischemic stroke. MicroRNAs (miRNA/miR), as biomarkers and therapeutic targets of ischemic stroke, play an important role in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of ischemic stroke. In this paper, the mechanism and therapeutic value of exosomes in ischemic stroke and the therapeutic effect of exosomes derived from stem cells were reviewed.