山东省20家汽车制造企业职业病危害现况调查

目的:了解山东省汽车制造企业职业病危害现状。方法:于2019年2至5月，采用方便抽样方法，以山东省20家汽车制造企业为调查对象，进行现场职业卫生调查，对工作场所职业病危害因素定点和个体接触水平进行检测，并分析作业人员职业健康检查结果。结果:20家汽车制造企业中，小型企业13家，中型企业4家，大型企业3家；工作场所苯和甲...

Investigation on occupational hazards in 20 automobile manufacturing enterprises in Shandong Province

Objective To investigate the current situation of occupational hazards in automobile manufacturing enterprises in Shandong Province.Methods From February to May 2019,the convenience sampling method was adopted to conduct on-site occupational health surveys with 20 automobile manufacturing enterprises in Shandong Province as the survey subjects,to detect the occupational hazard factors in the workplaces and individual exposure levels,and to analyze the occupational health check results of operators.Results There were 13 small-sized,4 medium-sized and 3 large-sized enterprises among the 20 automobile manufacturing enterprises.The detection results of benzene and toluene in the workplaces met the occupational exposure limits,and the detection results of welding fumes,manganese and its compounds,and xylene exceed the occupational exposure limits.The maximum short-term exposure concentration(CSTE)of welding fume in the air of workplaces was 24.23 mg/m³,and the over-standard rate was 11.0%(16/146).The maximum time-weighted average concentration(CTWA)of welding fume of operators is 10.60 mg/m³,and the over-standard rate was 11.0%(8/73).The maximum CSTE of manganese and its compounds in the air of workplaces was 0.879 mg/m³,and the of manganese and its compounds of operators was 0.175 mg/m³,and the over-standard rate was 5.7%(4/70).The maximum xylene CSTE in the air of workplaces was 230.00 mg/m³,and the over-standard rate was 3.9%(2/51).The maximum xylene CTWA of operators was 70.40 mg/m³,the over-standard rate was 3.6%(1/28).Among the 4775 workers exposed to occupational hazards,38(0.80%)were suspected of electric welder's pneumoconiosis,27(0.57%)were suspected of manganese poisoning and 31(0.65%)were suspected of chronic low-concentration benzene and benzene series poisoning.The detection rates of suspected occupational diseases among workers in small and medium-sized enterprises were relatively high,2.86%(30/1048)and 4.51%(51/1132)respectively.There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rates of suspected occupational diseases among the operators of different scale automobile manufacturers(P<0.05).Conclusion The exposure levels of electric welding fumes,manganese and its compounds in welding jobs and xylene exposure levels in spray painting jobsin Shandong Province's automobile manufacturing enterprises are more serious.The supervision and management of occupational hygiene should be strengthened,the working environment should be improved,and the health of welding and painting workers should be protected.