中老年人群骨密度与人体测量指标及体成分相关性的研究

目的 了解北京市中老年人群骨密度和体成分检测情况，并探讨骨密度与人体测量指标及体成分之间的关系。方法 采用SPT(磷化存储高精度数字成像技术）骨密度分析仪（MetriScan）测定255例40岁以上中老年人的骨密度，利用体成分分析仪测定体脂肪、肌肉量等，并进行人体测量获得身高、体重、握力等数据。结果 (1)每10岁作为一个年龄段，共4个年龄段（70岁以上为1个年龄段），随着年龄增加骨密度逐渐下降，尤其是女性60～69岁年龄段骨密度值与前一个年龄段测定值相比，差异有统计学意义，60岁以上同年龄段受试者的骨密度在不同性别之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)，女性骨骼健康状况与男性相比明显较差；(2)骨密度与身高、体重、左右手握力、肌肉量、去脂体重、蛋白质和无机盐均呈正相关，而与体脂肪率呈显著负相关（P<0.01）。结论 身高、体重、左右手握力、体脂肪率、肌肉量、去脂体重、蛋白质和无机盐水平均与骨密度密切相关，也可以作为评价骨骼健康状况的间接参考指标，去脂体重和肌肉量是骨密度主要的决定因素。

Relationship among somatometric measurement, body composition, and bone mineral density in middle-aged and elderly people

Objective To investigate the status of bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in middle-aged and elderly people in Beijing, and to explore the relationship among BMD, somatometric measurement, and body composition. Methods BMD of 255 older than 40-year-old participants was measured using Metriscan. Meanwhile, body fat and body fat percentage etc. were measured using a body composition analyzer and the somatometric measurement data including body height, weight, and so on, were obtained. Results (1) Taking every 10 years as a division, the participants were divided into divisions. With the increase of age, BMD decreased gradually, especially in women aging from 60 to 69 years old, comparing to that in 50 to 59 years old (P<0.05). BMD was significantly different between the two genders at the same age (P<0.05), and bone health status was worse in females than in males. (2) BMD was positively correlated with body height, body weight, right or left handgrip strength, muscles, lean body weight, protein, and mineral salt, but was negatively correlated with body fat percentage (P<0.01). Conclusion There were close relationship between BMD and body height, body weight, right or left handgrip strength, muscles, lean body weight, protein, and mineral salt. Therefore, they also can be used as indirect reference values to assess bone health status. Lean body weight and muscle are the major determinants of BMD.