糖尿病视网膜病变相关基因多态性的研究进展

糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）是糖尿病最常见、最严重的并发症之一，发病率和致盲率逐年上升。通常认为其发生、发展与血糖控制情况、糖尿病病程长短等因素有关，而发病机制尚未完全明了。现在越来越多的证据表明其与遗传易感性不同有关。DR是一种多基因作用的疾病，近年来的研究已筛选出数十种可能与之相关的基因多态性，其中包括广受关注的血管内皮生长因子基因多态性、一氧化氮合酶基因多态性等。研究它们在DR发生发展过程中的作用机制，对今后DR风险预测、早期诊断及指导治疗具有重要意义。本文将对DR相关基因多态性的研究进展进行综述。

Recent advances in the studies of genetic polymorphisms associated with diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy （DR） is one of the most important and common complications of diabetes. The incidence rate and blindness rate increase year by year. Diabetes duration and blood glucose levels are considered as the major risk factors of DR, the underlying mechanisms are not yet understood. In addition, there is increasing evidence supporting that genetic factors may play an important role in the development of DR. DR is a polygenetic disease, recent studies have screened dozens of genetic polymorphisms that may be associated with DR, including vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms and nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms that draw world-wide concern. Studying their mechanism in the development of DR is of great importance for prediction, early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, recent advances in the studies of genetic polymorphisms associated with diabetic retinopathy are reviewed.