Antioxidant,anti-microbial and antimutagenicity activities of pistachio (Pistachia vera) green hull extract |
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Authors: | Ahmad Rajaei Mohsen Barzegar Ashraf Mohabati Mobarez Mohammad Ali Sahari Zohre Hamidi Esfahani |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Food Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Bacteriology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran |
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Abstract: | Antioxidant, anti-microbial and antimutagenicity activities of pistachio (Ahmadaghaei variety) green hull extracts (crude and purified extracts) were studied. At first, different solvents were compared for determining of the best solvent for extraction of phenolic compounds from pistachio green hull. Water and acetonitrile with 49.32 and 6.22 (mg of gallic acid equivalents/g sample) were the best and the worst solvent in the extraction of phenolic compounds, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of crude and purified extracts were assessed through ABTS assay, DPPH assay and β-carotene bleaching (BCB) method. A concentration-dependent antioxidative capacity was verified in ABTS, DPPH assays and BCB method. The anti-microbial capacity was screened against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, and fungi. Aqueous and purified extracts inhibited the growth of Gram positive bacteria; Bacillus cereus was the most susceptible one with MIC of 1 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL for the crude and purified extracts, respectively. The results of antimutagenicity test showed that phenolic compounds of pistachio green hull have antimutagenicity activity against direct mutagen of 2-nitrofluorene. The results obtained indicate that pistachio green hull may become important as a cheap and noticeable source of compounds with health protective potential and anti-microbial activity. |
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Keywords: | ABTS 2 2&prime -Azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) BCB β-carotene bleaching BHA 2+3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol BHT 2 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol DM dry matter DPPH 2 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl EC50 50% effective concentration MBC minimum bactericidal concentration MHA Mueller&ndash Hinton Agar MIC minimum inhibitory concentration PGH pistachio green hull TBHQ tert-butylhydroquinone |
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