Suppression of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators by Cymbopogon citratus D. Stapf extract in lipopolysaccharide stimulated murine alveolar macrophages |
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| Authors: | M. Tiwari U.N. Dwivedi P. Kakkar |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Herbal Research Section, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow 226 001, U.P, India;2. Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P., India |
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| Abstract: | Exploration of antioxidants of plant origin and their scientific validation for their immense pharmacological potential is emerging as an issue of intense research now-a-days.The effect of Cymbopogon citratus extract was seen on cell viability, oxidative stress markers i.e. ROS production, SOD activity, lipid peroxidation and GSH content of murine alveolar macrophages stressed with lipopolysaccharide. Modulation in release of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α along with alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential under stress were compared with known plant derived antioxidant quercetin. The extract was not found to be cytotoxic at any of the selected doses. At 5 and 10 μg the extract showed significant increase in SOD activity, GSH content (p < 0.001), decrease in ROS production as seen by fluorescent dye DCFH-DA and also MDA formation (lipid peroxidation marker) significantly. The extract also showed reduction in the release of pro-inflammatory mediators TNF-α and NO significantly indicating an anti-inflammatory effect. The extract was able to restore mitochondrial membrane potential as estimated by spectrofluorimetry using the fluorescent dye Rhodamine 123. The results suggest potential use of the cytoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory property of C. citratus in the form of dietary component and also in formulations against lung inflammatory diseases where oxidative stress plays an important role. |
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| Keywords: | AMs, alveolar macrophages AP1, activator protein 1 ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome BALF, broncho alveolar lavage fluid BHT, butylated hydroxy toluene COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease DCFH-DA, 2&prime , 7&prime -dichlorofluoresceindiacetate DTNB, 5,5&prime -dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay FBS, fetal bovine serum GSH, glutathione reduced HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography HRP, horse radish peroxidase iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis LPS, lipopolysaccharide MDA, malondialdehyde MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential MTT, (3-[4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NBT, nitro blue tetrazolium NF κB, nuclear factor kappa B NO, nitric oxide PBS, phosphate buffer saline PMS, phenazine methosulfate ROS, reactive oxygen species RNS, reactive nitrogen species SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate SOD, superoxide dismutase TBA, thio barbituric acid TNF, tumour necrosis factor |
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