Evidence for specific cognitive deficits in visual information processing in patients with OCD compared to patients with unipolar depression |
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Authors: | Friederike Rampacher Leonhard Lennertz Andrea Vogeley Svenja Schulze-Rauschenbach Norbert Kathmann Peter Falkai Michael Wagner |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, DE-53105 Bonn, Germany;2. Department of Clinical and Experimental Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, DE-10099 Berlin, Germany;3. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, DE-37099 Goettingen, Germany |
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Abstract: | ObjectiveNeuropsychological studies comparing cognitive performance in patients suffering from Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) or Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) revealed deficits in the domains of verbal fluency and viso-motor speed/set shifting in both groups. Spatial working memory deficits, however, have been identified as specific markers of OCD. As yet, it has not been substantiated whether deficits in visual organization and complex visual memory are also specific to OCD and are not shared by MDD.MethodTest performance in seven cognitive domains was assessed in 40 OCD patients, 20 MDD patients, and 40 healthy controls. Patient groups were matched according to severity of depressive symptoms.ResultsDeficits shared by both patient groups, as compared to controls, were found in delayed spatial recall and verbal fluency while verbal memory was normal in both patient groups. Only patients with OCD, but not MDD patients were impaired in the domains visual memory, viso-motor speed/set shifting, visual organization, and problem solving. In addition, OCD patients differed significantly from MDD subjects in visual organization and problem solving. Visual organization scores correlated significantly with severity of current compulsions in the OCD group (r = −.324).ConclusionsOCD patients demonstrate difficulties in visual organization and mental manipulation of complex visual material, which are not accounted for by depressive symptoms and which constitute a specific cognitive deficit of the disorder. |
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Keywords: | BDI Beck Depression Inventory CANTAB Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery DRT Delayed Response Task MDD Major Depressive Disorder MRI magnetic resonance imaging MWT-B Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Intelligenztest OCD Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder OFC orbitofrontal cortex RCFT Rey Complex Figure Test RWT Regensburger Wortflü ssigkeitstest SADS- LA Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-lifetime version modified for the studies of anxiety disorders SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor TOL Tower of London TMT Trail Making Test VLMT Verbaler Lern- und Merkfä higkeitstest VOT Visual Organization Test Y-BOCS Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale |
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