Study of the Immediate Effects of Autostereoscopic 3D Visual Training on the Accommodative Functions of Myopes |
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Authors: | Yangyi Huang Meiyan Li Yang Shen Fang Liu Yong Fang Haipeng Xu Xingtao Zhou |
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Affiliation: | 1.Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China;2.NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China;3.Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China;4.Shanghai EVIS Technology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China |
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Abstract: | PurposeStereoscopic viewing has an impact on ocular dynamics, but its effects on accommodative functions are not fully understood, especially for autostereoscopic viewing. This study aimed to investigate the changes in dynamic accommodative response, accommodative amplitude, and accommodative facility of myopes after autostereoscopic visual training.MethodsWe enrolled 46 adults (men = 22 and women = 24; age = 21.5 ± 2.5 [range = 18–25] years, spherical equivalent: −4.52 ± 1.89 [−8.88 to −1.75] diopters [D]) who visited the Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University. The study population was randomly divided into three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) viewing groups to watch an 11-minute training video displayed in 3D or 2D mode. Dynamic accommodative response, accommodative facility, and accommodative amplitude were measured before, during, and immediately after the training. Accommodative lag and the variability of accommodation were also analyzed. Visual fatigue was evaluated subjectively using a questionnaire.ResultsAccommodative lag decreased from 0.54 ± 0.29 D to 0.42 ± 0.32 D (P = 0.004), whereas accommodative facility increased from 10.83 ± 4.55 cycles per minute (cpm) to 13.15 ± 5.25 cpm (P < 0.001) in the 3D group. In the 2D group, there was no significant change in the accommodative lag (P = 0.163) or facility (P = 0.975), but a decrease in accommodative amplitude was observed (from 13.88 ± 3.17 D to 12.71 ± 2.23 D, P = 0.013). In the 3D group, the accommodative response changed with the simulated target distance. Visual fatigue was relatively mild in both groups.ConclusionsThe immediate impact of autostereoscopic training included a decrease in the accommodative lag and an increase in the accommodative facility. However, the long-term effects of autostereoscopic training require further exploration. |
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Keywords: | autostereoscopic 3D accommodation myopia visual training |
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