广州地区产CTX-M型超广谱β内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的研究

目的 研究广州地区大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌CTX-M型超广谱β内酰胺酶(ESBLs)的分子表型、流行病学和耐药基因环境特征.方法 收集2007-2008年广州地区9家医院临床分离产ESBLs的181株大肠埃希菌和180株肺炎克雷伯菌,通过PCR检测ESBLs分子表型;通过接合试验、质粒图谱、PCR分析CTX-M-15型ESBLs的基因环境,肠杆菌科基因间重复序列引物PCR(ERIC-PCR)分析产CTX-M-15型ESBLs菌株的分子同源性.结果 67.3%(243/361)的ESBLs产生株为CTX-M表型,其中CTX-M-1群和CTX-M-9群各占46.9%(114/243)和53.1%(129/243),未发现其他CTX-M亚群.CTX-M-14和CTXM-15是最常见的ESBLs基因型,其中CTX-M-14在大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的检出率分别35.4%(64/181)和28.3%(51/180),CTX-M-15在这两种菌的检出率分别为21.5%(39/181)和26.1%(47/180),此外还检出对头孢他啶有水解活性的CTX-M-55、CTX-M-19和CTX-M-27.采用ERIC-PER分析CTX-M-15产生株的同源性,39株大肠埃希菌被分为28个基因型,47株肺炎克雷伯菌被分为30个基因型.67.6%(25/37)和32.4%(12/37)bla_(CTX-M-15)分别位于65 000 bp和90 000 bp的可接合质粒上,65 000 bp质粒除bla_(CTX-M-15)阳性外,未检到bla_(TEM-1)、qnrB、bla_(DHA-1)、bla_(OXA-1),aac(6′)-I6-cr等耐药基因.1株接合菌90 000 bp质粒还存在bla_(OXA-1)和bla_(TEM-1)耐药基因,其余7个90 000 bp质粒所携耐药基因同65 000 bp质粒.所有bla_(CTX-M-15)都位于ISEcp1-like插入序列下游,ISEep1-like末端与blaCTX-M-15间距均为48 bp.结论 广州地区ESBLs主要分子表型为CTX-M型主要流行为CTX-M-14型.以CTX-M-15为代表能水解头孢他啶的CTX-M型ESBLs在本地区检出增多值得关注.

Study on CIX-M type ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoiae in Guangzhou

Objective To study phylogenies, epidemiology and genetic environment of CTX-M type of ESBLs produced by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from nine hospitals in Guangzhou. Methods The phylogenies of CTX-M type of ESBLs were analyzed by PCR Genetic environment of CTX-M-15 encoding gene (bla_(CTX-M-15)) were investigated by conjugation test and plasmid analysis. The clonal relationship of strains producing CTX-M-15 was determined by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR). Results A total of 361 ESBLs-producing isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were collected. 67.3% of ESBLs strains were detected to produce CTX-M-type ESBLs, and the commonest genotypes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were CTX-M-14 (35.4% and 28.3%), CTX-M-15(21.5% and 26.1%) EBIC-PCR products of all CTX-M-15-producing strains show 39 strains of Escherichia coli were classified into 27 genotypes while 43 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were divided into 30 genotypes. Furthermore, the genotypes of CTX-M-55, CTX-M-19, CTX-M-27, with ceftazidime-hydrelyzing activity, were detected in this study. The great majority of bla_(CTX-M-15) genes were found to locate on a 65 000 bp-conjugative plasmid, and there was no blaTEM-1, bla_(OXA-1), blaDSA-1 or aac (6')-Ib-cr gene coexisted on the plasmid, ISEcp1-like insertion sequences, relative to mobilization of bla_(CTX-M-15) gene, were detected in all bla_(CTX-M-15) positive strains, and the distances between the end of ISEcp1-like insertion sequences and the start cedon of bla_(CTX-M-15) were equal, with 48 base pairs. Conclusion CTX-M-14 is still the most common genotype of ESBLs in Guangzhou, but high prevalence of CTX-M-15 ESBLs hydrolyzing ceftazidime already appears in south China.